The book encouraged young people to question societal norms and helped young people to do this. Out of 200 pages, it included 20 pages on sex and 30 on drugs, including alcohol and tobacco. Other topics included adults as paper tigers, the duties of teachers, discipline, examinations, intelligence and different schools.
Due to the subject matter and its targeted audience of schoolchildren, a number of politicians in many countries criticised the book, fearing that the book would erode the moral fabric of society and be an invitation for anarchy in schools It was banned in France and Italy, and in the UK, the section on sex suffered a number of cuts before it could be published.
The book's title was the inspiration for the title of the Momus album The Little Red Songbook.