Literal may refer to:

• Literal and figurative language, taken in a non-figurative sense.
• Literal translation, the close adherence to the forms of a source language text.
• Terminal symbol in regular expressions and in descriptions of formal grammars.
• Literal (mathematical logic), an elementary proposition or its negation in logical expressions.
• Any notation for representing a value within programming language source code; for example, an object literal, string literal, or function literal.
• A typographical error, normally to one letter or number.
• A chunk of input data that is represented "as is" in data compressed using data compression.
• An adherence to literal interpretation and fundamentalism.
• Literalism, the practice of being a literal person.
• Literalism, a late-20th century method of composing music using physical representations of elements of musical composition to create everything from classical orchestral pieces to apparently formless moments of noise.