List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States

List of capitals in the United States

Washington, D.C. has been the capital of the United States since 1800. Eight other cities have served as the meeting place for Congress and are therefore considered to have once been the capital of the United States. In addition, each of the 50 U.S. states and several territories of the United States maintain their own capitals.

State capitals

In 33 of the 50 U.S. states, the state capital is currently not the state's most populous city. Only two of the state capitals, Trenton, New Jersey and Carson City, Nevada border another state, while Juneau, Alaska shares a border with the Canadian province of British Columbia. The dates listed in the following table indicate the year since which the current capital has continuously served as the sole capital.

State Capitals of the United States of America
State	Date of statehood	Capital	Capital since	Most populous city?	Municipal population	Metropolitan population	Notes
Alabama	1819	Montgomery	1846	No	200,127	469,268	Birmingham is the state's largest city.
Alaska	1959	Juneau	1906	No	30,987		Anchorage is the state's largest city.
Arizona	1912	Phoenix	1889	Yes	1,512,986	4,039,182	Phoenix is the most populous U.S. state capital.
Arkansas	1836	Little Rock	1821	Yes	204,370	652,834
California	1850	Sacramento	1854	No	467,343	2,136,604	The Supreme Court of California sits in San Francisco. Los Angeles is the state's largest city.
Colorado	1876	Denver	1867	Yes	566,974	2,408,750
Connecticut	1788	Hartford	1875	No	124,397	1,188,241	Bridgeport is the state's largest city, but Greater Hartford is the largest metro area.
Delaware	1787	Dover	1777	No	32,135		Wilmington is the state's largest city.
Florida	1845	Tallahassee	1824	No	156,612	336,501	Jacksonville is the largest city, and Miami has the largest metro area.
Georgia	1788	Atlanta	1868	Yes	486,411	5,138,223	Atlanta is the most populous state capital by metropolitan area.
Hawaii	1959	Honolulu	1845	Yes	377,357	909,863
Idaho	1890	Boise	1865	Yes	201,287	635,450
Illinois	1818	Springfield	1839	No	111,454	188,951	Chicago is the state's largest city.
Indiana	1816	Indianapolis	1825	Yes	791,926	1,984,664
Iowa	1846	Des Moines	1857	Yes	194,163	534,230
Kansas	1861	Topeka	1856	No	122,327	228,894	Wichita is the state's largest city.
Kentucky	1792	Frankfort	1792	No	27,741	69,670	Louisville is the state's largest city.
Louisiana	1812	Baton Rouge	1880	No	224,097	751,965	New Orleans is the state's largest city.
Maine	1820	Augusta	1832	No	18,560	117,114	Augusta was officially made the capital 1827, but the legislature did not sit there until 1832. Portland is the state's largest city.
Maryland	1788	Annapolis	1694	No	36,217		Annapolis is the third-longest serving capital in the United States after Santa Fe and Boston. Its capitol building is the oldest still in use. Baltimore is the state's largest city.
Massachusetts	1788	Boston	1630	Yes	590,763	4,455,217	Boston is the longest continuously serving capital in the United States. The Boston-Worcester-Manchester Combined Statistical Area encompasses the state capitals of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island.
Michigan	1837	Lansing	1847	No	119,128	454,044	Lansing is the only state capital that is not also the county seat of the county in which it is situated. Detroit is the state's largest city.
Minnesota	1858	Saint Paul	1849	No	287,151	3,502,891	Minneapolis is the state's largest city, but is included within Saint Paul's metropolitan area.
Mississippi	1817	Jackson	1821	Yes	184,256	529,456
Missouri	1821	Jefferson City	1826	No	39,636		Kansas City is the state's largest city, and Greater St. Louis is the state's largest metropolitan area.
Montana	1889	Helena	1875	No	25,780	67,636	Billings is the state's largest city.
Nebraska	1867	Lincoln	1867	No	225,581	283,970	Omaha is the state's largest city.
Nevada	1864	Carson City	1861	No	57,701		Las Vegas is the state's largest city.
New Hampshire	1788	Concord	1808	No	42,221		Manchester is the state's largest city.
New Jersey	1787	Trenton	1784	No	84,639	367,605	Newark is the state's largest city.
New Mexico	1912	Santa Fe	1610	No	70,631	142,407	Santa Fe is the longest serving capital in the United States. El Paso del Norte served as the capital of the Santa Fé de Nuevo Méjico colony-in-exile during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680-1692. Albuquerque is the state's largest city.
New York	1788	Albany	1797	No	95,993	1,147,850	New York City is the state's largest city.
North Carolina	1789	Raleigh	1794	No	380,173	1,635,974	Charlotte is the state's largest city.
North Dakota	1889	Bismarck	1883	No	55,532	101,138	Fargo is the state's largest city.
Ohio	1803	Columbus	1816	Yes	733,203	1,725,570	The Cleveland and Cincinnati metropolitan areas are both larger.
Oklahoma	1907	Oklahoma City	1910	Yes	541,500	1,266,445	Oklahoma City is the shortest serving current state capital in the United States.
Oregon	1859	Salem	1855	No	149,305	539,203	Portland is the state's largest city.
Pennsylvania	1787	Harrisburg	1812	No	48,950	384,600	Philadelphia is the state's largest city.
Rhode Island	1790	Providence	1900	Yes	176,862	1,612,989	Providence also served as the capital 1636-1686 and 1689-1776. It was one of five co-capitals 1776-1853, and one of two co-capitals 1853-1900.
South Carolina	1788	Columbia	1786	Yes	122,819	703,771
South Dakota	1889	Pierre	1889	No	13,876		Sioux Falls is the state's largest city.
Tennessee	1796	Nashville	1826	No	607,413	1,455,097	Memphis is the state's largest city, but Nashville is the largest metro area.
Texas	1845	Austin	1839	No	709,893	1,513,565	Houston is the state's largest city, and Dallas is the largest metro area.
Utah	1896	Salt Lake City	1858	Yes	181,743	1,067,722
Vermont	1791	Montpelier	1805	No	8,035		Montpelier is the least populous U.S. state capital. Burlington is the state's largest city.
Virginia	1788	Richmond	1780	No	195,251	1,194,008	Virginia Beach is the state's largest city, and Northern Virginia is the state's largest metro area.
Washington	1889	Olympia	1853	No	42,514	234,670	Seattle is the state's largest city.
West Virginia	1863	Charleston	1885	Yes	52,700	305,526
Wisconsin	1848	Madison	1838	No	221,551	543,022	Milwaukee is the state's largest city.
Wyoming	1890	Cheyenne	1869	Yes	55,362	85,384

Insular area capitals

An insular area is a United States territory that is neither a part of one of the fifty states nor a part of the District of Columbia, the nation's federal district. Those insular areas with territorial capitals are listed below.

Capitals of United States Insular Areas
Insular area	Date	Capital	Notes
American Samoa	1899	Pago Pago	De facto capital of the Territory of American Samoa.
American Samoa	1967	Fagatogo	Official seat of government stated in the territory's constitution.
Guam	1898	Hagåtña
Northern Mariana Islands	1947	Saipan
Puerto Rico	1898	San Juan	Capital was formerly called Puerto Rico.
U.S. Virgin Islands	1917	Charlotte Amalie

Former national capitals

United States of America

From 1774 to 1800, Congress met in numerous locations; therefore, the following cities can be said to have once been the United States capital:First Continental Congress

Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: September 5, 1774 to October 24, 1774Second Continental Congress
Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: May 10, 1775 to December 12, 1776
Henry Fite House, Baltimore, Maryland: December 20, 1776 to February 27, 1777
Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: March 4, 1777 to September 18, 1777
Court House, Lancaster, Pennsylvania: September 27, 1777 (one day)
Court House, York, Pennsylvania: September 30, 1777 to June 27, 1778
Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: July 2, 1778 to March 1, 1781Articles of Confederation
Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: March 1, 1781 to June 21, 1783
Nassau Hall, Princeton, New Jersey: June 30, 1783 to November 4, 1783
Maryland State House, Annapolis, Maryland: November 26, 1783 to August 19, 1784
French Arms Tavern, Trenton, New Jersey: November 1, 1784 to December 24, 1784
City Hall (Federal Hall), New York City, New York: January 11, 1785 to Autumn 1788United States Constitution
Federal Hall, New York City, New York: March 4, 1789 to December 5, 1790
Congress Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: December 6, 1790 to May 14, 1800
United States Capitol, Washington, D.C.: November 17, 1800 to present

Vermont Republic

Before joining the United States as the fourteenth state, Vermont was an independent republic known as the Vermont Republic. Two cities served as the capital of the Republic:

Westminster, 1777
Windsor, 1777-1791

The current capital of the State of Vermont is Montpelier.

Kingdom and Republic of Hawaii

Prior to becoming a territory of the United States in 1898, Hawaii was an independent nation. Two cities served as its capital:

Kailua-Kona. Served as the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii, 1795-1820.
Lāhainā. Served as the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii, 1820–1845.
Honolulu

Served as the capital of the Kingdom of Hawaii, 1845–January 17, 1893.
Served as the seat of the Provisional Government of Hawaii after the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, January 17, 1893–July 4, 1894.
Served as the capital of the Republic of Hawaii when it was established on July 4, 1894 until the Republic was annexed by the United States on July 7, 1898 under the Newlands Resolution to become the Territory of Hawaii. On becoming a state, Honolulu became the capital of the State of Hawaii.

Republic of Texas

Before joining the United States under the Texas Annexation in 1845, Texas was an independent nation known as the Republic of Texas. Seven cities served as its capital:

Washington (now Washington-on-the-Brazos), 1836
Harrisburg, 1836
Galveston, 1836
Velasco, 1836
West Columbia, 1836
Houston, 1837–1839
Austin, 1839–1845

Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America had three capitals during its existence.

The Confederate constitutional convention was held in Montgomery, Alabama in December 1860 because it was the largest and most influential city in the geographic center of the original seven Confederate states (South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas) that planned to secede from the Union.

The first Confederate capital was established on February 4, 1861 in Montgomery and remained there until it was moved to Richmond after Virginia joined the Confederacy on May 23, 1861.

As the Army of Northern Virginia was pushed farther south and Richmond fell under the Federal guns in early 1865, the Confederate government fled using the only viable railroad line available on April 2, 1865 to Danville, VA.

The C.S.A. state capitals remained the same as when each state seceded from the Union. Some of the capitals were moved temporarily in an effort to stay ahead of the advancing Federals. As Confederate areas were occupied, the US Army established military districts to govern each area. These military districts often shifted as the war progressed and even after the war concluded through the end of Reconstruction.

Following the surrender of General Lee's Army of Northern Virginia in Appomattox Court House, Virginia, which ended the American Civil War on April 9, 1865, the eleven southern states that seceded from the United States of America to create the C.S.A., gradually had their Senators and Representatives recognized and seated by Congress starting with Tennessee on July 24, 1866, then Arkansas on June 22, 1868, Louisiana, Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina on June 25, 1868, then Alabama on July 14, 1868, then Virginia on January 26, 1870, then Mississippi on February 23, 1870, then Texas on March 30, 1870 and finally Georgia on July 15, 1870.

There is some disagreement over whether this recognition by Congress is what determines the status of 'statehood'. The US Supreme Court decision in Texas v. White raises questions on this point where the court ruled that Texas never left the Union, and essentially that once a territory is admitted and recognized as a state, it is in perpetuity a state in the Union.

Montgomery, Alabama, February 4, 1861 - May 29, 1861
Richmond, Virginia, May 6, 1861 (declared) – April 3, 1865
Danville, Virginia, April 3, 1865 - April 10, 1865

Unrecognized national capitals

There have been a handful of nations within the current borders of the United States which were never officially recognized as legally independent sovereign entities; however these nations did have de facto control over their respective regions during their existence.

State of Muskogee

The State of Muskogee was a short-lived Native American state in Florida. It consisted of several tribes of Creeks and Seminoles. It existed from 1799 to 1803. It had one capital:

Mikasuke, 1799-1803

Republic of West Florida

The Republic of West Florida was a short-lived republic consisting of parts of Louisiana, Mississippi, Florida and Alabama.

St. Francisville, Louisiana, 1810

Republic of Indian Stream

The Republic of Indian Stream was an independent nation within the present state of New Hampshire.

Pittsburg, New Hampshire, 1832-1835

Republic of the Rio Grande

The Republic of the Rio Grande was an independent nation including land now in Texas and Mexico.

Laredo, Texas, January 7, 1840-January 28, 1840
Guerrero, Tamaulipas, January 28, 1840-March 1840
Victoria, Texas, March 1840-November 6, 1840

California Republic

Before being annexed by the United States in 1846, California was an independent republic known as the California Republic. The California Republic was never recognized by the United States which maintained that the U.S. Military Government of California headquartered at Monterey was the legitimate government of the region. There was one de facto capital of the California Republic:

Sonoma, 1846

Former state capitals

Most of the original Thirteen Colonies had their capitals occupied or attacked by the British during the American Revolution. State governments operated where and as they could. The City of New York was occupied by British troops from 1776 to 1783. A similar situation occurred during the War of 1812, during the American Civil War in many Confederate states, and during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680-1692 in New Mexico.

Twenty-two state capitals have been a capital longer than their state has been a state, since they served as the capital of a predecessor territory, colony, or republic. Boston, Massachusetts, has been a capital city continuously since 1630, making it the longest-running U.S. capital. Santa Fe, New Mexico, has been a capital city the longest having become capital in 1610 and interrupted only by the Pueblo Revolt of 1680-1692.

The table below includes the following information:

The state, the year in which statehood was granted, and the state's current capital are shown in bold.
The year listed for each capital is the starting date; the ending date is the starting date for the successor unless otherwise indicated.
In many cases, former capital cities of current states are well outside the current state borders. These cities are indicated with the abbreviated name of the current state in which the city is located.

Historical State Capitals of the United States of America
State	Capital	Date	Notes
Alabama Statehood in 1819	San Agustín (FL)	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.
	Savannah (GA)	1733	Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia.
		1755	Capital of the British Province of Georgia.
		1776	Capitals of the State of Georgia.
	Augusta (GA)	1778
	Heard's Fort (GA)	1780
	Augusta (GA)	1781
	Savannah (GA)	1782
	Ebenezer (GA)	1782
	Savannah (GA)	1784
	Augusta (GA)	1786
	Louisville (GA)	1796
	Natchez (MS)	1798	Capitals of the Territory of Mississippi.
	Washington (MS)	1802	Capitals of the Territory of Mississippi.
	St. Stephens	1817	Capital of the Territory of Alabama.
	Huntsville	1819	Capitals of the State of Alabama.
	Cahawba	1820
	Tuscaloosa	1826
	Montgomery	1846	Capital of the State of Alabama. (Capital of the Confederate States of America in 1861.)
Alaska Statehood in 1959	Novo-Arkhangelsk Sitka	1808	Capital of the Russian colony of Alaska.
		1867	Capital of the Department of Alaska.
		1900	Capitals of the District of Alaska.
	Juneau	1906	Capitals of the District of Alaska.
		1912	Capital of the Territory of Alaska.
		1959	Capital of the State of Alaska.
Arizona Statehood in 1912	Santa Fe (NM)	1848	Capital of the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico 1848-1850.
	Santa Fe (NM)	1850	Capital of the U.S. Territory of New Mexico 1850-1912.
	Mesilla (NM)	1862	Capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona (southern New Mexico and Arizona 1862).
	San Antonio (TX)	1862	Capital of the government-in-exile of the Confederate Territory of Arizona 1862-1865.
	Fort Whipple	1864	Capitals of the U.S. Territory of Arizona.
	Prescott	1864
	Tucson	1867
	Prescott	1877
	Phoenix	1889
	Phoenix	1912	Capital of the State of Arizona.
Arkansas Statehood in 1836	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri.
	Arkansas Post	1819	Capitals of the Territory of Arkansaw.
	Little Rock	1821	Capitals of the Territory of Arkansaw.
	Little Rock	1836	Capital of the State of Arkansas. (Washington was the Confederate state capital 1863-1865.)
California Statehood in 1850	Loreto (BCS)	1770	Capitals of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colonies of las Californias.
	Presidio Reál de San Carlos de Monterey Monterey	1777
		1804	Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España province of Alta California.
		1821	Capital of the Mexican province of Alta California.
		1846	Capital of the U.S. military government of California.
		1849	Capital of the provisional government of California.
	Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe San Jose	1850	Capitals of the State of California
	Vallejo	1852
	Benicia	1853
	Sacramento	1854
Colorado Statehood in 1876	Denver City	1859	Capitals of the extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
	Golden City	1860	Capitals of the extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
	Denver City	1861	Capitals of the Territory of Colorado.
	Colorado City	1862
	Golden City	1862
	Denver City Denver	1867
	Denver City Denver	1876	Capital of the State of Colorado.
Connecticut Statehood in 1776	Fort Amsterdam (NY)	1625	Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland.
	Hartford	1639	Capital of the English Colony of Connecticut 1639-1686.
	New-Haven	1640	Capital of the English Colony of New-Haven until its merger into the Connecticut Colony in 1662.
	Boston (MA)	1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
	Hartford	1689	Capital of the English Colony of Connecticut.
	Joint Capitals	1701	Hartford and New-Haven served as the "co-capitals" of the English Colony of Connecticut, with the Assembly holding its May session in Hartford and its October session in New-Haven.
		1707	Hartford and New-Haven joint capitals of the British Colony of Connecticut.
		1776	Hartford and New Haven joint capitals of the State of Connecticut.
	Hartford	1875	Capital of the State of Connecticut.
Delaware Statehood in 1776	Fort Kristina	1638	Capital of the Swedish colony of Nya Sverige.
	Fort Amsterdam Nieuw-Amsterdam New-York Nieuw-Oranje New-York (NY)	1655	Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland.
		1664	Capital of the English Colony of New-York.
		1673	Capital of the Netherlands military government of Nieuw-Nederland.
		1674	Capital of the English Colony of New-York.
	Philadelphia (PA)	1682	Capital of the English Colony of Pennsylvania.
	New-Castle	1704	Capital of the English Lower Counties on the Delaware.
		1707	Capital of the British Lower Counties on the Delaware.
		1776	Capitals of the State of Delaware.
	Dover	1777	Capitals of the State of Delaware.
Florida Statehood in 1845	Fort de la Caroline	1564	Capital of the French colony of la Caroline 1564-1565.
	San Agustín St. Augustine	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida 1565-1763.
		1763	Capital of the British Colony of East Florida 1763-1783.
		1783	Capital of the Spanish colony of Florida Oriental 1783-1821.
	Santa María de Ochuse Pensacola	1763	Capital of the British Colony of West Florida 1763-1783.
	Santa María de Ochuse Pensacola	1783	Capital of the Spanish colony of Florida Occidental 1783-1821.
	Tallahassee	1824	Capital of the Territory of Florida.
	Tallahassee	1845	Capital of the State of Florida.
Georgia Statehood in 1776	San Agustín (FL)	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.
	Savannah	1733	Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia.
		1755	Capital of the British Province of Georgia.
		1776	Capitals of the State of Georgia.
	Augusta	1778
	Heard's Fort	1780
	Augusta	1781
	Savannah	1782
	Ebenezer	1782
	Savannah	1784
	Augusta	1786
	Louisville	1796
	Milledgeville	1807
	Macon	1864
	Milledgeville	1865
	Atlanta	1868
Hawai'i Statehood in 1959	Lahaina	1820	Capitals of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
	Honolulu	1845	Capitals of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
		1894	Capital of the Republic of Hawaii.
		1898	Capital of the Territory of Hawaii.
		1959	Capital of the State of Hawai'i.
Idaho Statehood in 1890	Fort Vancouver (WA)	1825	Capital de facto of the Oregon Country.
	Oregon City (OR)	1843	Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country.
	Oregon City (OR)	1848	Capitals of the Territory of Oregon (all of Idaho 1848-1853, southern Idaho 1853-1859.)
	Salem (OR)	1851
	Olympia (WA)	1853	Capital of the Territory of Washington (northern Idaho 1853-1859, all of Idaho 1859-1863.)
	Lewiston	1863	Capitals of the Territory of Idaho.
	Boise	1865	Capitals of the Territory of Idaho.
	Boise	1890	Capital of the State of Idaho.
Illinois Statehood in 1818	Marietta (OH)	1788	Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
	Vincennes (IN)	1800	Capital of the Territory of Indiana.
	Kaskaskia	1809	Capital of the Territory of Illinois.
	Kaskaskia	1818	Capitals of the State of Illinois.
	Vandalia	1820
	Springfield	1839
Indiana Statehood in 1816	Marietta (OH)	1788	Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
	Vincennes	1800	Capitals of the Territory of Indiana.
	Corydon	1813	Capitals of the Territory of Indiana.
	Corydon	1816	Capitals of the State of Indiana.
	Indianapolis	1825	Capitals of the State of Indiana.
Iowa Statehood in 1846	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Detroit (MI)	1834	Capital of the Territory of Michigan.
	Belmont (WI)	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin.
	Burlington	1837	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin.
	Burlington	1838	Capitals of the Territory of Iowa.
	Iowa City	1841	Capitals of the Territory of Iowa.
	Iowa City	1846	Capitals of the State of Iowa.
	Des Moines	1857	Capitals of the State of Iowa.
Kansas Statehood in 1861	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Pawnee	1855	Capital of the Territory of Kansas (July 2-July 6).
	Shawnee Mission	1855	Capital of the Territory of Kansas.
	Lecompton	1856	Capital de jure (pro-slavery) of the Territory of Kansas.
	Topeka	1856	Capital de facto (anti-slavery) of the Territory of Kansas.
	Topeka	1861	Capital of the State of Kansas.
Kentucky Statehood in 1792	Williamsburg (VA)	1699	Capital of the English Colony of Virginia.
		1707	Capital of the British Colony of Virginia.
		1776	Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
	Richmond (VA)	1780	Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
	Frankfort	1792	Capital of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. (Bowling Green was the Confederate state capital 1861-1862.)
Louisiana Statehood in 1812	San Agustín (FL)	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.
	Mobile Bay (AL)	1702	Capitals of the French colony of la Louisiane.
	Biloxi (MS)	1720
	la Nouvelle-Orléans Nueva Orleans New Orleans	1722
		1763	Capital of the Spanish district of Baja Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Basse-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the Territory of Orleans.
		1812	Capitals of the State of Louisiana.
	Donaldsonville	1830
	New Orleans	1831
	Baton Rouge	1849
	Opelousas	1862
	Shreveport	1863
	New Orleans	1865
	Baton Rouge	1880
Maine Statehood in 1820	Île Sainte-Croix	1604	Capitals of the French colony of l'Acadie.
	Port-Royal (NS)	1605	Capitals of the French colony of l'Acadie.
	Boston (MA)	1630	Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay.
		1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
		1689	Capital of the dissident Colony of Massachusetts Bay.
		1691	Capital of the English Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1774	Capital of the dissident Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1776	Capital of the State of Massachusetts.
		1780	Capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
	Portland	1820	Capital of the State of Maine.
	Portland	1827	Capital de facto of the State of Maine.
	Augusta	1827	Capital de jure of the State of Maine.
	Augusta	1832	Capital of the State of Maine.
Maryland Statehood in 1776	St. Mary's City	1634	Capital of the English proprietary Colony of Maryland.
	Anne Arundel's Towne Annapolis	1694	Capital of the English Province of Maryland.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of Maryland.
		1776	Capital of the State of Maryland. (Capital of the United States of America 1783-1784.)
Massachusetts Statehood in 1776	Plimouth	1620	Capital of the English Colony of New-Plimouth 1620-1686.
	Boston	1630	Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1630-1686.
	Boston	1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America 1686-1689.
	Plimouth	1688	Capital of the dissident Colony of New-Plimouth 1688-1692.
	Boston	1689	Capital of the dissident Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1689-1692.
		1692	Capital of the English Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1774	Capital of the dissident Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1776	Capital of the State of Massachusetts Bay.
		1780	Capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Michigan Statehood in 1837	Marietta (OH)	1788	Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio (all of Michigan 1788-1800, eastern Michigan 1800-1803.)
	Chillicothe (OH)	1800
	Vincennes (IN)	1800	Capitals of the Territory of Indiana (western Michigan 1800-1803; all of Michigan 1803-1805, a portion of the Upper Peninsula 1805-1816.)
	Corydon (IN)	1813
	Detroit	1805	Capital of the Territory of Michigan (Lower Peninsula 1805-1818, all of Michigan 1818-1837.) (Detroit was occupied by British Armed Forces 1812-1813.)
	Detroit	1837	Capitals of the State of Michigan.
	Lansing	1847	Capitals of the State of Michigan.
Minnesota Statehood in 1858	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana 1765-1800.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane (west of Mississippi River 1800-1804.)
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (west of Mississippi River under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1804-1805.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana (west of Mississippi River 1805-1812.)
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (west of Mississippi River 1812-1821.)
	Marietta (OH)	1788	Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio (east of Mississippi River 1788-1800.)
	Vincennes (IN)	1800	Capital of the Territory of Indiana (east of Mississippi River 1800-1809.)
	Kaskaskia (IL)	1809	Capital of the Territory of Illinois (east of Mississippi River 1809-1818.)
	Detroit (MI)	1818	Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Mississippi River 1818-1834, all of Minnesota 1834-1836.)
	Belmont (WI)	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin.
	Burlington (IA)	1837	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin.
	Burlington (IA)	1838	Capital of the Territory of Iowa (west of Mississippi River 1838-1841.)
	Madison (WI)	1838	Capital of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Mississippi River 1838-1848.)
	Iowa City (IA)	1841	Capital of the Territory of Iowa (west of Mississippi River 1841-1846.)
	Saint Paul	1849	Capital of the Territory of Minnesota.
	Saint Paul	1858	Capital of the State of Minnesota.
Mississippi Statehood in 1817	San Agustín (FL)	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.
	Savannah (GA)	1733	Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia.
		1755	Capital of the British Province of Georgia.
		1776	Capitals of the State of Georgia.
	Augusta (GA)	1778
	Heard's Fort (GA)	1780
	Augusta (GA)	1781
	Savannah (GA)	1782
	Ebenezer (GA)	1782
	Savannah (GA)	1784
	Augusta (GA)	1786
	Louisville (GA)	1796
	Natchez	1798	Capitals of the Territory of Mississippi.
	Washington	1802	Capitals of the Territory of Mississippi.
	Natchez	1817	Capitals of the State of Mississippi.
	Jackson	1821	Capitals of the State of Mississippi.
Missouri Statehood in 1821	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri.
	Saint Charles	1821	Capitals of the State of Missouri. (A Confederate state government in exile operated from Neosho 1861-1863, and from Marshall, Texas, 1863-1865.)
	Jefferson City	1826
Montana Statehood in 1889	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana (east of Continental Divide 1763-1800.)
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane (east of Continental Divide 1800-1804.)
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (east of Continental Divide under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1804-1805.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana (east of Continental Divide 1805-1812.)
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (east of Continental Divide 1812-1821.)
	Fort Vancouver (WA)	1825	Capital de facto of the Oregon Country (west of Continental Divide 1818-1843.)
	Oregon City (OR)	1843	Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon (west of Continental Divide 1843-1848.)
	Oregon City (OR)	1848	Capitals of the Territory of Oregon (west of Continental Divide 1848-1853.)
	Salem (OR)	1851
	Olympia (WA)	1853	Capital of the Territory of Washington (west of Continental Divide 1853-1863.)
	Omaha (NE)	1854	Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (east of Continental Divide 1854-1861.)
	Yankton (SD)	1861	Capital of the Territory of Dakota (east of Continental Divide 1861-1863.)
	Lewiston (ID)	1863	Capital of the Territory of Idaho.
	Bannack	1864	Capitals of the Territory of Montana.
	Virginia City	1865
	Helena	1875
	Helena	1889	Capital of the State of Montana.
Nebraska Statehood in 1867	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Omaha	1854	Capitals of the Territory of Nebraska.
	Lancaster Lincoln	1867	Capitals of the Territory of Nebraska.
	Lancaster Lincoln	1867	Capital of the State of Nebraska.
Nevada Statehood in 1864	Fillmore (UT)	1850	Capitals of the Territory of Utah.
	Salt Lake City (UT)	1858	Capitals of the Territory of Utah.
	Carson City	1861	Capital of the Territory of Nevada.
	Carson City	1864	Capital of the State of Nevada.
New Hampshire Statehood in 1776	Boston (MA)	1630	Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay.
	Portsmouth	1680	Capital of the English Province of New-Hampshire.
	Boston (MA)	1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
	Portsmouth	1689	Capital of the dissident Province of New-Hampshire.
		1691	Capital of the English Province of New-Hampshire.
		1698	Capital of the English Province of New-Hampshire under jurisdiction of the Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of New-Hampshire under jurisdiction of the Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
		1741	Capital of the British Province of New-Hampshire.
	Exeter	1775	Capital of the Revolutionary War government of New Hampshire.
	Exeter	1776	Capitals of the State of New Hampshire.
	Concord	1808	Capitals of the State of New Hampshire.
New Jersey Statehood in 1776	Fort Amsterdam (NY)	1625	Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland.
	Fort Amsterdam (NY)	1652	Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland.
	Elizabethtown (now Elizabeth)	1665	Capital of the English Province of New-Jersey.
	Perth Amboy	1673	Capital of the English Province of East Jersey 1673-1688.
	Burlington	1673	Capital of the English Province of West Jersey 1673-1688.
	Boston (MA)	1688	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America 1688-1689.
	Perth Amboy	1689	Capital of the English Province of East Jersey 1689-1702.
	Burlington	1689	Capital of the English Province of West Jersey 1689-1702.
	Joint Capitals	1702	East Jersey and West Jersey were re-united as the English Province of New-Jersey in 1702. Perth Amboy and Burlington served jointly as the capital until 1784.
		1707	Joint capitals of the British Province of New-Jersey.
		1776	Joint capitals of the State of New Jersey.
	Trenton	1784	Capital of the State of New Jersey. (Capital of the United States of America in 1784.)
New Mexico Statehood in 1912	San Juan de los Caballeros	1598	Capitals of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony of Santa Fé de Nuevo Méjico.
	La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís	1610
	El Paso del Norte (now Ciudad Juárez CHH)	1680	Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony-in-exile of Santa Fé de Nuevo Méjico (Pueblo Revolt 1680-1692).
	La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís Santa Fe	1692	Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony of Santa Fé de Nuevo Méjico.
		1821	Capital of the Mexican province of Santa Fé de Nuevo México.
		1824	Capital of the Mexican territory of Santa Fé de Nuevo México.
		1846	Capital of the U.S. military province of New Mexico 1846.
		1846	Capital of the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico 1846-1850.
		1850	Capital of the U.S. Territory of New Mexico 1850-1912.
	Mesilla	1862	Capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona (southern New Mexico and Arizona 1862).
	San Antonio (TX)	1862	Capital of the government-in-exile of the Confederate Territory of Arizona 1862-1865.
	Santa Fe	1912	Capital of the State of New Mexico.
New York Statehood in 1776	Fort Amsterdam Nieuw-Amsterdam New-York Nieuw-Oranje New-York	1625	Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland (Novum Belgium).
		1652	Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland.
		1664	Capital of the English Province of New-York.
		1673	Capital of the Netherlands military government of Nieuw-Nederland.
		1674	Capital of the English Province of New-York.
	Boston (MA)	1688	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
	New-York	1689	Capital of the dissident government of New-York.
		1691	Capital of the English Province of New-York.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of New-York.
		1776	Capitals of the State of New York.
	Kingston	1777
	Hurley	1777
	Poughkeepsie	1777
	New York	1788	Capital of the State of New York. (Capital of the United States of America 1785–1788 and 1789–1790.)
	Albany	1797	Capital of the State of New York.
North Carolina Statehood in 1776	San Agustín (FL)	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.
	Charlestown (SC)	1670	Capital of the English Province of Carolina.
	Charlestown (SC)	1707	Capital of the British Province of Carolina.
	New Bern	1712	Capital of the British Province of North Carolina.
	New Bern	1776	Capitals of the State of North Carolina.
	Raleigh	1794	Capitals of the State of North Carolina.
North Dakota Statehood in 1889	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Detroit (MI)	1834	Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1834-1836.)
	Belmont (WI)	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1836-1838.)
	Burlington (IA)	1837
	Burlington (IA)	1838	Capitals of the Territory of Iowa (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1838-1846.)
	Iowa City (IA)	1841
	Saint Paul (MN)	1849	Capital of the Territory of Minnesota (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1849-1858.)
	Omaha (NE)	1854	Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (west of Missouri River or White Earth River 1854-1861.)
	Yankton (SD)	1861	Capitals of the Territory of Dakota.
	Bismarck	1883	Capitals of the Territory of Dakota.
	Bismarck	1889	Capital of the State of North Dakota.
Ohio Statehood in 1803	Marietta	1788	Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
	Chillicothe	1800	Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
	Chillicothe	1803	Capitals of the State of Ohio.
	Zanesville	1810
	Chillicothe	1812
	Columbus	1816
Oklahoma Statehood in 1907	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri.
	Arkansas Post (AR)	1819	Capitals of the Territory of Arkansaw (south of the parallel 36°30' north 1819-1824, southeastern Oklahoma 1824-1828.)
	Little Rock (AR)	1821
	Tahlequah	1838	Capital of the Cherokee Nation.
	Tuskahoma	1838	Capital of the Choctaw Nation.
	Tishomingo	1855	Capital of the Chickasaw Nation.
	Wewoka	1866	Capital of the Seminole Nation.
	Okmulgee	1867	Capital of the Creek Nation.
	Guthrie	1889	Capital of the Territory of Oklahoma.
	Guthrie	1907	Capitals of the State of Oklahoma.
	Oklahoma City	1910	Capitals of the State of Oklahoma.
Oregon Statehood in 1859	Oregon City	1843	Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country.
	Oregon City	1848	Capitals of the Territory of Oregon.
	Salem	1851
	Corvallis	1855
	Salem	1855
	Salem	1859	Capital of the State of Oregon.
Pennsylvania Statehood in 1776	Philadelphia	1682	Capital of the English proprietary Colony of Pennsylvania.
		1707	Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Pennsylvania.
		1776	Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. (Capital of the United States of America 1776, 1777, 1778-1783, and 1790-1800.)
	Lancaster	1799	Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. (Capital of the United States of America 1777.)
	Harrisburg	1812	Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Rhode Island Statehood in 1776	Providence	1636	Capital of the English Colony of Providence 1636-1663.
	Portsmouth	1639	Capital of the English Colony of Aquidneck Island 1639-1644.
	Portsmouth	1644	Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island 1644-1663.
	Providence	1663	Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
	Boston (MA)	1686	Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
	Providence	1689	Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
	Providence	1707	Capital of the British Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
	Five Capitals	1776	From 1776 to 1853, the legislature of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations rotated among the county seats of the state's five counties: Providence, Newport, East Greenwich, South Kingstown, and Bristol.
	Joint Capitals	1854	From 1854 to 1899, the legislature of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations alternated sessions between Providence and Newport.
	Providence	1900	Capital of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
South Carolina Statehood in 1776	San Agustín (FL)	1565	Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida.
	Charlestown	1670	Capital of the English Province of Carolina.
		1707	Capital of the British Province of Carolina.
		1712	Capital of the British Province of South Carolina.
		1776	Capitals of the State of South Carolina.
	Columbia	1786	Capitals of the State of South Carolina.
South Dakota Statehood in 1889	Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO)	1765	Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
		1800	Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
		1804	Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
		1805	Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
		1812	Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812-1821).
	Detroit (MI)	1834	Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Missouri River 1834-1836.)
	Belmont (WI)	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Missouri River 1836-1838.)
	Burlington (IA)	1837
	Burlington (IA)	1838	Capitals of the Territory of Iowa (east of Missouri River 1838-1846.)
	Iowa City (IA)	1841
	Saint Paul (MN)	1849	Capital of the Territory of Minnesota (east of Missouri River 1849-1858.)
	Omaha (NE)	1854	Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (west of Missouri River 1854-1861.)
	Yankton	1861	Capitals of the Territory of Dakota.
	Bismarck (ND)	1883	Capitals of the Territory of Dakota.
	Pierre	1889	Capital of the State of South Dakota.
Tennessee Statehood in 1796	New Bern (NC)	1712	Capital of the British Province of North Carolina.
	New Bern (NC)	1776	Capital of the State of North Carolina.
	Rocky Mount	1790	Capitals of the Territory South of the River Ohio.
	White's Fort Knoxville	1791	Capitals of the Territory South of the River Ohio.
	White's Fort Knoxville	1796	Capital of the State of Tennessee.
	Kingston	1807	Capital of the State of Tennessee for one day in 1807 to fulfill treaty obligations with the Cherokee Nation.
	Knoxville	1807	Capitals of the State of Tennessee.
	Nashville	1812
	Knoxville	1817
	Murfreesboro	1818
	Nashville	1826
Texas Statehood in 1845	Los Adaes (LA)	1729	Capitals of the Spanish colony of Tejas.
	San Antonio de Béxar (now San Antonio)	1772	Capitals of the Spanish colony of Tejas.
	Saltillo (COA)	1824	Capitals of the Mexican province of Coahuila y Tejas.
	Monclova (COA)	1833	Capitals of the Mexican province of Coahuila y Tejas.
	Washington (now Washington-on-the-Brazos)	1836	Capitals of the Republic of Texas.
	Galveston	1836
	Harrisburgh	1836
	Velasco	1836
	Columbia	1836
	Houston	1837
	Austin	1839
	Austin	1845	Capital of the State of Texas.
Utah Statehood in 1896	Salt Lake City	1849	Capital of the extralegal Territory of Deseret.
	Fillmore	1850	Capitals of the Territory of Utah.
	Salt Lake City	1858	Capitals of the Territory of Utah.
	Salt Lake City	1896	Capital of the State of Utah.
Vermont Statehood in 1791	Westminster	1777	Capitals of the Republic of New Connecticut.
	Windsor	1777	Capitals of the Republic of New Connecticut.
		1777	Capital of the Vermont Republic.
		1791	Capitals of the State of Vermont.
	Montpelier	1805	Capitals of the State of Vermont.
Virginia Statehood in 1776	Jamestown	1619	Capitals of the English Colony of Virginia.
	Middle Plantation Williamsburg	1698	Capitals of the English Colony of Virginia.
		1707	Capital of the British Colony of Virginia.
		1776	Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
	Richmond	1780	Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. (Capital of the Confederate States of America 1861-1865.) (A rival pro-Union state government operated from Wheeling 1861-1863 and from Alexandria 1863-1865.)
Washington Statehood in 1889	Oregon City (OR)	1843	Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country.
	Oregon City (OR)	1848	Capitals of the Territory of Oregon.
	Salem (OR)	1851	Capitals of the Territory of Oregon.
	Olympia	1853	Capital of the Territory of Washington.
	Olympia	1889	Capital of the State of Washington.
West Virginia Statehood in 1863	Williamsburg (VA)	1699	Capital of the English Colony of Virginia.
		1707	Capital of the British Colony of Virginia.
		1776	Capitals of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
	Richmond (VA)	1780	Capitals of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
	Wheeling	1861	Capital of the rival pro-Union government of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
	Wheeling	1863	Capitals of the State of West Virginia.
	Charleston	1870
	Wheeling	1875
	Charleston	1885
Wisconsin Statehood in 1848	Marietta (OH)	1788	Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
	Vincennes (IN)	1800	Capital of the Territory of Indiana.
	Kaskaskia (IL)	1809	Capital of the Territory of Illinois.
	Detroit (MI)	1818	Capital of the Territory of Michigan.
	Belmont	1836	Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin.
	Burlington (IA)	1837
	Madison	1838
	Madison	1848	Capital of the State of Wisconsin.
Wyoming Statehood in 1890	Lewiston (ID)	1863	Capital of the Territory of Idaho.
	Yankton (SD)	1864	Capital of the Territory of Dakota.
	Cheyenne	1869	Capital of the Territory of Wyoming.
	Cheyenne	1890	Capital of the State of Wyoming.

Notes

Congress was forced to move from Philadelphia due to a riot of angry soldiers. See: Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
President James Madison fled to the home of Caleb Bentley in Brookeville, Maryland following the burning of Washington on August 24–25, 1814. As such, the town claims to have been the "U.S. Capital for a Day" despite the fact that Congress never met there. See: A Brief History. Town of Brookeville, Maryland. Retrieved on 2008-10-07..