Stuart or Stewart, Ludovick, 2d duke of Lennox and duke of Richmond, 1574-1624, Scottish nobleman; son of Esmé Stuart, 1st duke of Lennox, and cousin of James VI of Scotland (James I of England). He succeeded to the dukedom of Lennox in 1583 and soon gained the favor of the king. He was named president of the council during James's absence in 1588. Despite his opposition to Ludovick's marriage to Lady Jane Ruthven, the king appointed him (1591) lord high admiral. Lennox accompanied James to England in 1603 and was appointed to the English privy council. He served as ambassador to Paris (1604-5) and was appointed high commissioner to the Scottish Parliament (1607). In 1623 he was created duke of Richmond. He left no children and was succeeded as duke of Lennox by his brother, Esmé.

Stuart or Stewart, Frances Teresa, duchess of Richmond and Lennox: see Richmond and Lennox, Frances Teresa Stuart, duchess of.

Stuart or Stewart, Esmé, 1st duke of Lennox, 1542?-1583, Scottish nobleman; cousin to James VI of Scotland (later James I of England). Born and reared in France, he succeeded his father as seigneur d'Aubigny in 1567. In 1579 he was sent to Scotland by the Guise family to restore French influence and weaken Protestantism. He soon won the friendship of the young King James, was admitted to the council, and was created successively earl (1580) and duke (1581) of Lennox. Although Lennox publicly proclaimed his conversion to Protestantism in 1580, he was suspected (with reason) of complicity in a projected Spanish invasion of England to release Mary Queen of Scots. This, with Lennox's part in the arrest and execution (1581) of the earl of Morton, led to the Protestant nobles' seizure of James in the raid of Ruthven (1582). Against both his own and the king's wishes, Lennox was forced to leave Scotland. He died shortly thereafter.

Robinson, Lennox, 1886-1958, Irish dramatist. From 1910 to 1923 he was manager of the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, and he served as director there from 1923 until his death. The comedy The White Headed Boy (1920) was his outstanding early success. His later dramas of Irish life, which include The Big House (1926) and Drama at Inish (1933; in America, Is Life Worth Living?), are characterized by a somber realism. He edited The Irish Theatre (lectures, 1939) and Lady Gregory's journals (1946), and he also wrote a study of W. B. Yeats (1939).

Richmond and Lennox, Frances Teresa Stuart or Stewart, duchess of, 1647-1702, mistress of Charles II of England. The daughter of an exiled Scottish physician, she was educated in France and returned to England as maid of honor to Charles's queen, Catherine of Braganza. Her beauty attracted the attention of Charles, and she became his mistress. In 1667 she declined Charles's offer to make her a duchess and eloped with and married Charles Stuart, duke of Richmond and Lennox, much to the king's displeasure. However, the duchess (known as La Belle Stuart) soon returned to court, and Charles renewed his attentions, dispatching her husband to Scotland (1670) and Denmark (1671), where he died.

Richmond and Lennox, Charles Lennox, 3d duke of, 1735-1806, British statesman. He was secretary of state for the south of Europe (1766) and became a staunch defender of the cause of the American colonies. In 1780 he introduced a reform bill that advocated annual Parliaments, manhood suffrage, and equal electoral districts. His famous letter advocating universal suffrage was first published in 1783. Serving in the cabinet as master general of the ordnance (1782-83 and 1784-95), he gradually abandoned the cause of reform.

Lewis, Lennox (Lennox Claudis Lewis), 1965-, British-Canadian boxer. Born in London, England, to Jamaican parents, Lewis had a troubled childhood and followed his mother to Canada at the age of 12. Taking up boxing, he became World Junior Champion at 17 and represented (1984, 1988) Canada in Olympics, winning the heavyweight gold against Riddick Bowe in 1988. Moving back to England, he turned professional and was awarded the World Boxing Council (WBC) title in 1993 after Bowe, the titleholder, refused to defend it. Lewis lost the WBC title in 1994 but regained three years later, and in Nov., 1999, unified the heavyweight titles by defeating Evander Holyfield (they had fought to a controversial draw in March). Although Lewis lost his titles to Hasim Rahman in Apr., 2001, a November rematch restored Lewis as champion. He successfully defended against Mike Tyson in 2002, and was generally regarded as the world heavyweight champion until he retired in 2004.

Lennox, Matthew Stuart or Stewart, 4th earl of, 1516-71, Scottish nobleman. Related to the royal family, being next in the line of succession to the throne after James Hamilton, 2d earl of Arran, Lennox returned to Scotland in 1542, after service in France, to contest Arran's claim to be regent for the infant Mary Queen of Scots. In 1544 he allied himself with Henry VIII of England, marrying Margaret Douglas, the daughter of Henry's sister Margaret Tudor and Archibald Douglas, 6th earl of Angus. He lived in England for the next 20 years and led several invasions of Scotland. Lennox and his wife, a woman of great ambition and ability, were in great favor in England until the accession (1558) of Elizabeth I, who did not trust them. They became leaders among the Catholic nobility and succeeded in marrying (1565) their son, Lord Darnley, to Mary Queen of Scots. After Darnley's murder (1567), Lennox formally accused the earl of Bothwell of the deed but failed to appear at his farcical trial. When Mary was imprisoned, Lennox again became prominent and, through Elizabeth's intervention, was chosen regent to succeed (1570) the 1st earl of Murray. Mary's party, led by the Hamiltons and William Maitland, at once declared war against him. Lennox was stabbed to death in a raid during this war. His surviving son, Charles, was created earl of Lennox and was the father of Arabella Stuart.

Lennox, uninc. city (1990 pop. 22,757), Los Angeles co., S Calif., a residential and industrial suburb of Los Angeles.

Fort Lennox: see Île-aux-Noix.

in full Lennox Claudius Lewis

(born Sept. 2, 1965, London, Eng.) British boxer. His professional career began in 1989 in England. He won the World Boxing Council (WBC) heavyweight h1 in 1992, lost it in 1994, and recaptured it in 1997. In 1999 he faced American Evander Holyfield, who held the heavyweight h1s of the World Boxing Association (WBA) and the International Boxing Federation (IBF). In a controversial decision, the fight was called a draw. In the rematch that same year Lewis emerged as the undisputed champion, thereby unifying the heavyweight h1. (The IBF and WBA portions of the h1 were later taken from Lewis because of disputes concerning mandatory fights, but he retained the WBC h1 and was still considered the undisputed champion by many in boxing.) In his 2002 bout with American Mike Tyson, Lewis knocked Tyson out in the eighth round.

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in full Lennox Claudius Lewis

(born Sept. 2, 1965, London, Eng.) British boxer. His professional career began in 1989 in England. He won the World Boxing Council (WBC) heavyweight h1 in 1992, lost it in 1994, and recaptured it in 1997. In 1999 he faced American Evander Holyfield, who held the heavyweight h1s of the World Boxing Association (WBA) and the International Boxing Federation (IBF). In a controversial decision, the fight was called a draw. In the rematch that same year Lewis emerged as the undisputed champion, thereby unifying the heavyweight h1. (The IBF and WBA portions of the h1 were later taken from Lewis because of disputes concerning mandatory fights, but he retained the WBC h1 and was still considered the undisputed champion by many in boxing.) In his 2002 bout with American Mike Tyson, Lewis knocked Tyson out in the eighth round.

Learn more about Lewis, Lennox with a free trial on Britannica.com.