Kaganovich, Lazar Moiseyevich

Kaganovich, Lazar Moiseyevich, 1893-1991, Soviet Communist leader. A Jewish shoemaker and labor organizer, he joined the Communist party in 1911. A capable administrator, he rose quickly through the party ranks after the revolution, and by 1930 he had become Moscow party secretary-general and a member of the Politburo. He was an influential proponent of forced collectivization and played a role in the purges of 1936-38. He became commissar for transportation (1935) and after the purges was responsible for heavy industrial policy in the Soviet Union. In 1957, he joined in an unsuccessful attempt to oust Khrushchev and was stripped of all his posts.

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Kaganovich, Lazar (Moiseyevich)

(born Nov. 22, 1893, Kabany, near Kiev, Ukraine, Russian Empire—died July 25, 1991, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R.) Soviet political leader. He joined the Bolsheviks in 1911 and became head of the Soviet government of Tashkent in 1920. As head of the Moscow party organization (1930–35), he brought it firmly under Joseph Stalin's control and with Vyacheslav Molotov formed the core of Stalin's “post-purge” Politburo (see purge trials). Until 1953 he was largely responsible for heavy industry in the Soviet Union. Under Nikita Khrushchev, he held administrative posts, but he opposed de-Stalinization and joined the unsuccessful attempt to depose Khrushchev in 1957, as a result of which he lost all his offices.

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List of national leaders of Ukraine

This is a comprehensive chronological list of national leaders of Ukraine since its first independence, in 1917, including its presidents both before and after the soviet era, and the soviet leaders themselves, who, unlike the Presidents, were not formal Heads of State.

Ukraine has had only seven Presidents since 1917, divided into two periods (1917-1921 and 1991-Present). In between, the country was a part of the Soviet Union (1922-1991) with the name of Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Leaders of Ukraine since 1917

Ukrainian People's Republic (1917-1921)

The Ukrainian People's Republic was formed after the Russian Revolution of 1917, and lasted until the Peace of Riga between Poland and Soviet Russia in March 1921. The state leadership position title varied and, despite a rather widespread misconception, none of them had an official "Presidential" title.

Ukrainian People's Republic in Exile (1921-1992)

Presidents

(in Prague to 1945, then Munich)

Symon Vasylovych Petlyura (7 May 1921 - 25 May 1926)
Andrii Mykolaiovych Livytsky (25 May 1926 - 17 January 1954)
Stepan Vytvytsky (17 January 1954 - 19 October 1965) (acting to 6 March 1954)
Mykola Andriiovych Livytsky (19 October 1965 - 8 December 1989) (acting to 22 March 1967)
Mykola Vasylovych Plaviuk (1989 - September 1992)

Western Ukrainian People's Republic (1918-1919)

The government of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic, which was proclaimed on October 19, 1918, united with the Ukrainian People's Republic on January 22, 1919, although this was mostly a symbolic act because the western Ukrainians retained their own Ukrainian Galician Army and government structure. After the Polish-Ukrainian War, Poland took over most of territory of the West Ukrainian People's Republic by July 1919.

President of the Ukrainian National Council

Yevhen Petrushevych (1 November 1918 - 22 January 1919)

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1918/1921-1991)

Ukraine was incorporated into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on 30 December 1922.

Secretaries of Central Committee the (Ukrainian) Communist Party

Mykola Oleksiiovych Skrypnyk (20 April - 26 May 1918) (Secretary of the Organizational Bureau)
Yurii Leonidovych Pyatakov (12 July - 9 September 1918)
Serafima Ilyinichna Gopner (9 September - 23 October 1918)
Emmanuil Ionovich Kviring (23 October 1918 - 30 May 1919)
Stanislav Vikentevich Kosior (30 May - 10 December 1919) (1st time)
Vacant (10 December 1919 - January 1920)
Rafail Borisovich Farbman (Janyary - 23 March 1920) (acting)
Nikolay Ilyich Nikolayev (23 March - 25 March 1920)
Stanislav Vikentevich Kosior (25 March - 23 November 1920) (2nd time)

First Secretary of the Central Committee

Vyacheslav Mihailovich Molotov (23 November 1920 - 22 March 1921)

Executive Secretary of the Central Committee

Feliks Jakovlevich Kon (22 March - 15 December 1921)

First Secretaries of the Communist Party

General Secretaries of the Central Committee

Emmanuil Ionovich Kviring (20 March - 7 April 1925)
Lazar Moiseyevich Kaganovich (7 April 1925 - 14 July 1928)
Stanislav Vikentevich Kosior (14 July 1928 - 23 January 1934)

First Secretaries of the Central Committee

Stanislav Vikentevich Kosior (23 January 1934 - 27 January 1938)
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (27 January 1938 - 3 March 1947) (1st time, acting) (in Russian SFSR exile from 1941 until 1944)
Lazar Moiseyevich Kaganovich (3 March - 26 December 1947) (2nd time)
Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (26 December 1947 - 16 December 1949) (2nd time)
Leonid Georgyevich Melnikov (16 December 1949 - 4 June 1953)
Aleksey Illarionovich Kirichenko (4 June 1953 - 26 December 1957)
Nikolay Viktorovich Podgorny (26 December 1957 - 2 July 1963)
Pyotr Yefimovich Shelest (2 July 1963 -25 May 1972)
Vladimir Vasilyevich Shcherbitsky (25 May 1972 - 28 September 1989)
Vladimir Antonovich Ivashko (28 September 1989 - 22 June 1990)
Stanislav Ivanovich Gurenko (22 June 1990 - 1 September 1991)

Ukraine (1991-Present)

On 5 July 1991, the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR passed a law establishing the post of the President of the Ukrainian SSR. The title was changed to the President of Ukraine upon the proclamation of independence (24 August 1991). The first election of the President of Ukraine was held on 1 December 1991.