(born July 30, 1889, Murom, Russia—died July 29, 1982, Princeton, N.J., U.S.) Russian-born U.S. electronic engineer and inventor. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1919. While with Westinghouse Electric Corp. (1920–29), he filed patent applications for his inventions of the iconoscope (a TV transmission tube, 1923) and the kinescope (TV receiver, 1924), which formed the first all-electronic TV system. He patented a colour TV system in 1928. In 1929 he became director of electronic research at RCA. His electron image tube, sensitive to infrared light, was the basis for devices first used in World War II for seeing in the dark.

Learn more about Zworykin, Vladimir (Kosma) with a free trial on Britannica.com.

(born July 30, 1889, Murom, Russia—died July 29, 1982, Princeton, N.J., U.S.) Russian-born U.S. electronic engineer and inventor. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1919. While with Westinghouse Electric Corp. (1920–29), he filed patent applications for his inventions of the iconoscope (a TV transmission tube, 1923) and the kinescope (TV receiver, 1924), which formed the first all-electronic TV system. He patented a colour TV system in 1928. In 1929 he became director of electronic research at RCA. His electron image tube, sensitive to infrared light, was the basis for devices first used in World War II for seeing in the dark.

Learn more about Zworykin, Vladimir (Kosma) with a free trial on Britannica.com.

The Kölner Observatorium für SubMillimeter Astronomie (KOSMA) is a 3-m radio telescope located at 3,135 m on Gornergrat near Zermatt (Switzerland). It is operated by the I. Physikalisches Institut (Cologne, Germany) and the Radioastronomisches Institut, University of Bonn. It is a submillimeter radio telescope that can be used for observations between 210 and 880 GHz.

Because of the good climatic conditions at the altitude of 3135 m (10285 ft), astronomical observatories have been located in both towers of the Kulmhotel at Gornergrat since 1967. In 1985, the KOSMA telescope was installed in the southern tower by the Universität zu Köln and, in the course of 1995, replaced by a new dish and mount. In the northern tower, a 1.5 m infrared telescope is operated by an Italian association of universities (TIRGO).

See also

• The James Clerk Maxwell submillimeter telescope
• The California Submillimeter Observatory

External links

• Koelner Observatorium fuer SubMillimeter Astronomie (KOSMA) on the internet
• High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat