Justin

Winsor, Justin, 1831-97, American librarian and historian. He was superintendent (1868-77) of the Boston Public Library and afterward librarian (1877-97) of Harvard. In addition to important bibliographical work on Shakespeare, Columbus, and the American Revolution, he edited the Narrative and Critical History of America (8 vol., 1884-89) and wrote The Westward Movement (1897). A founder of the American Library Association (1876), he was its president for a number of years (1876-85; 1897).

Justin (Marcus Junianus Justinus), fl. 3d cent., Roman historian. He made a collection of excerpts from Trogus, which gives many facts not recounted elsewhere.

M'Carthy, Justin, 1830-1912, Irish historian, politician, and novelist. After a long career in journalism, he entered the British Parliament in 1879, advocating home rule for Ireland. He was at first a supporter of, then head of the opposition to, Charles Parnell. His novels include Dear Lady Disdain (1875) and Miss Misanthrope (1878). Best known as a historian, he wrote A History of Our Own Times (7 vol., 1879-1905) and began The Four Georges and William IV (4 vol., 1884-1901). It was completed by his son, Justin Huntly M'Carthy, 1860-1936. Also a member of Parliament (1884-92) and a versatile writer, he was best known for his novel If I Were King (1901), which he based on the life of François Villon. His later dramatization of the novel became the basis for the operetta The Vagabond King.

(born Jan. 2, 1831, Boston, Mass., U.S.—died Oct. 22, 1897, Cambridge, Mass.) U.S. librarian and historian. A freelance writer in his native Boston, Winsor was appointed a trustee of the Boston Public Library and served as its superintendent (1868–77). He was a founder of the American Library Association (1876) and its first president. From 1877 he was librarian of Harvard University. He edited the Narrative and Critical History of America (1884–89) and wrote several books.

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(born April 13, 1939, near Castledàwson, County Londonderry, N.Ire.) Irish poet. After studying at Queen's University in Belfast, he became a teacher and lecturer. Appalled by the violence in his native Northern Ireland, he moved to the republic of Ireland in 1972. From the 1980s he taught at Harvard, Oxford, and Cambridge. His works, rooted in Northern Irish rural life, evoke historical events and draw on Irish myth, but they also reflect the land's recent troubled decades. His collections include Death of a Naturalist (1966), Door into the Dark (1969), North (1975), The Haw Lantern (1987), Seeing Things (1991), The Spirit Level (1996), and District and Circle (2006). Preoccupations (1980) and Finders Keepers (2002) include essays on poetry and poets. He also made a noteworthy translation of Beowulf. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1995.

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(born circa 100, Flavia Neapolis, Palestine—died circa 165, Rome; feast day June 1) Early Christian Apologist and theologian. A pagan born in Palestine, he studied philosophy before becoming a Christian in 132, probably at Ephesus. He then spent years as an itinerant preacher and teacher. One of the earliest Christian Apologists, he was the first to blend Greek philosophy and Christian doctrine. He wrote two Apologies addressed to Roman emperors, which asserted that Christian faith can be in harmony with human reason and that Christianity is a purer form of the truth glimpsed in pagan philosophy. In his Dialogue with Trypho he tried to prove the truth of Christianity to a scholarly Jew named Trypho. While living in Rome, he was denounced as subversive and condemned to death.

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(born Jan. 2, 1831, Boston, Mass., U.S.—died Oct. 22, 1897, Cambridge, Mass.) U.S. librarian and historian. A freelance writer in his native Boston, Winsor was appointed a trustee of the Boston Public Library and served as its superintendent (1868–77). He was a founder of the American Library Association (1876) and its first president. From 1877 he was librarian of Harvard University. He edited the Narrative and Critical History of America (1884–89) and wrote several books.

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(born circa 100, Flavia Neapolis, Palestine—died circa 165, Rome; feast day June 1) Early Christian Apologist and theologian. A pagan born in Palestine, he studied philosophy before becoming a Christian in 132, probably at Ephesus. He then spent years as an itinerant preacher and teacher. One of the earliest Christian Apologists, he was the first to blend Greek philosophy and Christian doctrine. He wrote two Apologies addressed to Roman emperors, which asserted that Christian faith can be in harmony with human reason and that Christianity is a purer form of the truth glimpsed in pagan philosophy. In his Dialogue with Trypho he tried to prove the truth of Christianity to a scholarly Jew named Trypho. While living in Rome, he was denounced as subversive and condemned to death.

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(died Oct. 4, 578) Byzantine emperor (565–78). He tolerated the Monophysite heresy until 571, then began to persecute its followers. Despite an alliance with the Franks, Justin lost parts of Italy to the Lombards after 568. He also suffered defeats at the hands of the Avars, to whom he promised to pay tribute (574), and the Western Turks, who seized lands in the Crimea. He invaded Persia in 572, but the Persians repulsed his army and invaded Byzantine territory, capturing Dara in 573. He became insane, and his general Tiberius (his adopted son) was effective ruler of the empire after 574.

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(born April 13, 1939, near Castledàwson, County Londonderry, N.Ire.) Irish poet. After studying at Queen's University in Belfast, he became a teacher and lecturer. Appalled by the violence in his native Northern Ireland, he moved to the republic of Ireland in 1972. From the 1980s he taught at Harvard, Oxford, and Cambridge. His works, rooted in Northern Irish rural life, evoke historical events and draw on Irish myth, but they also reflect the land's recent troubled decades. His collections include Death of a Naturalist (1966), Door into the Dark (1969), North (1975), The Haw Lantern (1987), Seeing Things (1991), The Spirit Level (1996), and District and Circle (2006). Preoccupations (1980) and Finders Keepers (2002) include essays on poetry and poets. He also made a noteworthy translation of Beowulf. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1995.

Learn more about Heaney, Seamus (Justin) with a free trial on Britannica.com.

Justin may refer to:

• Justin (name), a common given name
• Justin Martyr, early Christian apologist
• Justin (historian), 3rd century Roman historian
• Justin I (c. 450–527), or Flavius Iustinius Augustus, Eastern Roman Emperor who ruled from 518 to 527; founder of the Justinian dynasty and uncle of future emperor Justinian I
• Justin II (c. 520–578), or Flavius Iustinius Iunior Augustus, Eastern Roman emperor who ruled from 565 to 578
• Iustin Moisescu, Patriarch of All Romania
• Justin (singer) (born 1978), Hawaiian singer-songwriter
• Justin Timberlake, sometimes attributed as "Justin"
• Justin, Texas, a city in the United States
• Justin.tv, network of diverse channels providing a platform for lifecasting and live video streaming of events online
• "Justin" (Korn song), from their 1998 album Follow the Leader
• Justin (album), a 2005 album by Justin Lo