Joyner-Kersee, Jackie, 1962-, American track and field athlete, b. East St. Louis, Ill. One of the world's best all-around women athletes, she won the silver medal in the heptathlon in the 1984 Summer Olympics, won the gold medal and set the world record in the event in 1988, and captured the gold again at the 1992 games. She also won a gold medal (1988) and bronze medals (1992, 1996) in the long jump.

Stewart, Jackie (John Young Stewart), 1939-, Scottish automobile race driver. He began racing in 1961 and by 1973 had won 27 world championship Grand Prix victories. A dominant force in the sport, he won three world formula one championships before retiring in late 1973.

Robinson, Jackie (Jack Roosevelt Robinson), 1919-72, American baseball player, the first African-American player in the modern major leagues, b. Cairo, Ga. He grew up in Pasadena, Calif., where he became an outstanding athlete in high school and junior college. While attending (1939-41) the Univ. of California at Los Angeles, he established a wide reputation in baseball, basketball, football, and track.

Robinson left college to support his mother, but in 1941 played professional football with the Los Angeles Bulldogs of the Pacific Coast League. He entered the army in World War II and was discharged as a lieutenant in 1945. In Oct., 1945, Branch Rickey, then president of the Brooklyn Dodgers, signed Robinson to play for the Montreal Royals, a Brooklyn farm club in the International League. Despite several incidents in spring training in the South and many inconveniences during the season, Robinson—the first African-American ballplayer in that league—excelled as a second baseman and won the league batting crown.

In 1947 precedent was shattered when Robinson was brought up to the Brooklyn club. African Americans had not played in big-league competition in the 20th cent., but resistance dwindled as Robinson excelled. In 1949 he won the National League batting crown, hitting .342, and was named the NL's most valuable player. Robinson played his entire career (1947-56) with Brooklyn, where he set fielding and batting records and gained a reputation for base stealing. Other African Americans began playing in the major leagues soon after his debut. In 1962 Robinson became the first African American to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

in full Jack Roosevelt Robinson

(born Jan. 31, 1919, Cairo, Ga., U.S.—died Oct. 24, 1972, Stamford, Conn.) U.S. baseball player, the first black player in the major leagues. Robinson became an outstanding performer in several sports at Pasadena Junior College and UCLA before leaving college to help his mother care for the family. He served as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army in World War II. He played baseball with the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro leagues before being signed by Branch Rickey to a Brooklyn Dodgers farm team (1945–46). On being advanced to the majors in 1947, he endured with notable dignity the early opposition to his presence, opposition quickly silenced by Robinson's immediate success as he led the league in stolen bases and was chosen Rookie of the Year. In 1949 he won the batting championship with a .342 average and was voted the league's most valuable player. He retired from the Dodgers team in 1956 with a career batting average of .311. In his later years he strongly supported the cause of civil rights for African Americans.

Learn more about Robinson, Jackie with a free trial on Britannica.com.

orig. Jacqueline Joyner

(born March 3, 1962, East St. Louis, Ill., U.S.) U.S. athlete. She won four consecutive National Junior Heptathlon championships and starred in basketball and track and field at UCLA. In 1986 she became the first heptathlon competitor ever to score 7,000 points. She broke that barrier six times, four times establishing a new world record. She won heptathlon gold medals at the 1988 and 1992 Olympics, becoming the first heptathlete ever to achieve consecutive Olympic wins. Her best events were the long jump (world record, 1987; Olympic gold medal, 1988), 100-m hurdles, 200-m run, and high jump. Many consider her to be the finest female athlete in history.

Learn more about Joyner-Kersee, Jackie with a free trial on Britannica.com.

in full Jack Roosevelt Robinson

(born Jan. 31, 1919, Cairo, Ga., U.S.—died Oct. 24, 1972, Stamford, Conn.) U.S. baseball player, the first black player in the major leagues. Robinson became an outstanding performer in several sports at Pasadena Junior College and UCLA before leaving college to help his mother care for the family. He served as a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army in World War II. He played baseball with the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro leagues before being signed by Branch Rickey to a Brooklyn Dodgers farm team (1945–46). On being advanced to the majors in 1947, he endured with notable dignity the early opposition to his presence, opposition quickly silenced by Robinson's immediate success as he led the league in stolen bases and was chosen Rookie of the Year. In 1949 he won the batting championship with a .342 average and was voted the league's most valuable player. He retired from the Dodgers team in 1956 with a career batting average of .311. In his later years he strongly supported the cause of civil rights for African Americans.

Learn more about Robinson, Jackie with a free trial on Britannica.com.

orig. Jacqueline Joyner

(born March 3, 1962, East St. Louis, Ill., U.S.) U.S. athlete. She won four consecutive National Junior Heptathlon championships and starred in basketball and track and field at UCLA. In 1986 she became the first heptathlon competitor ever to score 7,000 points. She broke that barrier six times, four times establishing a new world record. She won heptathlon gold medals at the 1988 and 1992 Olympics, becoming the first heptathlete ever to achieve consecutive Olympic wins. Her best events were the long jump (world record, 1987; Olympic gold medal, 1988), 100-m hurdles, 200-m run, and high jump. Many consider her to be the finest female athlete in history.

Learn more about Joyner-Kersee, Jackie with a free trial on Britannica.com.

Jackie-O Motherfucker is an American experimental rock group that formed in Portland, Oregon in 1994.

Biography

Jackie-O Motherfucker began as a duo consisting of multi-instrumentalist Tom Greenwood and saxophonist Nester Bucket. The group has had more than forty members, most of which have quit due to Greenwood's impulsive behavior, drawn from the U.S. experimental scene. As of 2008, the core of the group is founding member Greenwood.

Jackie-O Motherfucker's music draws from a variety of subgenres including drone, free jazz, and space-rock, and is heavily improvisational in its nature. Because they are a collective, rather than a consistent band or group, the sound of their music can change from performance to performance. The group operates its own label of CD-R live recordings, the U-Sound Archive, which features concert recordings from Jackie-O Motherfucker as well as like-minded subterranean artists such as Double Leopards, Sunroof!, Decaer Pinga, and Vibracathedral Orchestra.

The group's first three albums were limited-run vinyl-only releases on now-defunct Portland label Imp Records. Since then, the group has had recordings released by many different labels from around the world before settling down with the London based label Fire Records.

The group has been on several international tours, including several performances at All Tomorrow's Parties Festivals. Several albums released by the group are from live shows, which stand apart from their other releases due to the improvisational nature.

Discography

• Alchemy... Shit To Gold (1995), Imp Records
• Cross Pollinate (1996), Imp Records
• Flat Fixed (1998), Imp Records
• WOW (1999), Fisheye
• Fig. 5 (2000), Road Cone
• The Magick Fire Music (2001), Ecstatic Peace!
• Liberation (2001), Road Cone
• split with Vibracathedral Orchestra (2001), Textile
• Change (2002), Textile
• Europe 2002 live album (2003), Cast Exotic
• From The Earth To The Spheres Vol. 3 with My Cat Is An Alien (2005), Very Friendly
• Flags Of The Sacred Harp (2005), ATP Recordings
• The Grave (2006), DotDotDot
• America Mystica (2006), Very Friendly
• Freaker Pipe (2007), U-Sound
• Valley Of Fire (2007), Textile Records
• Fig. 5 (2007), ATP (reissue of 2000 album)

Members

• Tom Greenwood – guitar, turntables, percussion
• Honey Owens – vocals
• Dana Valatka – vocals, electronic percussion
• Nick Bindeman – guitar
• Brooke Crouser – guitar
• Danny Sasaki – drums

Previous members

• Jef Brown – guitar, saxophone
• John Flaming – saxophone
• Nester Bucket – saxophone
• Jessie Carrot – drums
• Barry Hampton – drums, percussion
• Adam Forkner – guitar
• Natalie Mering – vocals, guitar

References

External links

• MySpace profile