In ancient times, it was a Roman town named Carsium, in the Scythia Minor province. The current name has a Slavic suffix "-ova" and it is still under debate whetever it is in any way linked with the ancient name. An alternative theory suggests that the town's name is of Turkish origins ("hırsız" means "thief" in Turkish).
The village Vadu Oii belongs to the township Hârşova.