Guarneri

Guarneri or Guarnerius, family of violinmakers of Cremona, Italy. The first craftsman of the family was Andrea Guarneri, c.1626-1698, a pupil of Niccolò Amati. He designed and built his instruments in the Amati fashion. Andrea's two sons, who were his pupils, surpassed him in his work. They were Pietro Giovanni Guarneri, 1655-1720, who worked in Mantua and made several innovations, and Giuseppe Giovan Battista Guarneri, 1666-c.1738, who made superb violins in an original style. The son of Giuseppe Guarneri, Pietro Guarneri, 1695-1762, made his best violins in his later years, following his uncle's pattern for the most part. The greatest violinmaker of the family was Giuseppe Guarneri, 1698-1744, grandnephew of Andrea, called "del Gesù" because he signed his labels with a cross and the letters IHS. He was second only to Stradivari in the history of violinmaking. He followed the school of Brescia instead of the Amati in his designs. Giuseppe built varied models to achieve a superb tone so that his instruments are not uniform.

Guarneri is the family name of a group of distinguished violin makers (luthiers) from Cremona in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries, whose standing is considered comparable to those of the Amati and Stradivari families.

• Andrea Guarneri (c. 1626 - December 7, 1698) was an apprentice in the workshop of Nicolo Amati from 1641 to 1646 and returned to make violins for Amati from 1650 to 1654. His early instruments are generally based on the "Grand Amati" pattern but struggled to achieve the sophistication of Amati's own instruments. Andrea Guarneri produced some fine violas, one of which was played by William Primrose.

Two of Andrea's sons continued the father's traditions:

• Pietro Giovanni Guarneri (February 18, 1655 - March 26, 1720), known as Peter of Mantua (Pietro da Mantova) to distinguish him from his nephew Pietro Guarneri. He worked in his father's workshop from around 1670 until his marriage in 1677. He was established in Mantua by 1683, where he worked both as a musician and a violin maker. His instruments are generally finer than his father's, but are rare owing to his double profession. Joseph Szigeti played one of his instruments.
• Andrea's younger son, Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Guarneri (November 25, 1666 - 1739 or 1740), known as filius Andreae, joined his father's business in Cremona, inheriting it in 1698. He is reckoned among the great violin makers, although he struggled to compete with Stradivari, a pervasive presence throughout his career. From around 1715 he was assisted by his sons, and probably Carlo Bergonzi.

Giuseppe Giovanni Battista was father to two further instrument makers:

• Pietro Guarneri (Peter of Venice or Pietro da Venezia) (April 14, 1695 - April 7, 1762), finding life in Casa Guarneri in some way uncongenial, left Cremona for good in 1718, eventually settling in Venice. Here he blended the Cremonese techniques of his father with Venetian, perhaps working with Montagnana and Tononi. His first original labels from Venice date from 1730. His instruments are rare and as highly prized as those of his father and uncle. One of his cellos was played by Beatrice Harrison.
• Bartolomeo Giuseppe Guarneri (del Gesù), also known as Joseph (August 21, 1698 - October 17, 1744), has been called the greatest violinmaker of all time. Giuseppe is known as del Gesù because his labels always incorporated the characters I.H.S. (iota-eta-sigma) and a Roman cross. His instruments deviated significantly from family tradition, becoming uniquely his own style, and are considered second in quality only to those of Stradivari and argued by some to be superior. The famed violin virtuoso Niccolò Paganini’s favorite instrument Il Cannone Guarnerius was a Guarneri del Gesù violin of 1743. The "Lord Wilton" Guarneri del Gesù violin made in 1742 was owned by Yehudi Menuhin. Other Twentieth-century 'del Gesù' players include Arthur Grumiaux, Jascha Heifetz, Michael Rabin, Joseph Silverstein, Isaac Stern, and Henryk Szeryng.

The Guarneri family's history may be somewhat uncertain. One Guarneri source says, "Giuseppe del Gesù and Peter of Venice may have been cousins rather than brothers, and Peter of Venice may have been the son of Peter of Mantua."

References

• Vannes, Rene (1985). Dictionnaire Universel del Luthiers (vol.3). Bruxelles: Les Amis de la musique.
• William, Henley (1969). Universal Dictionary of Violin & Bow Makers. Brighton; England: Amati.
• Walter Hamma, Meister Italienischer Geigenbaukunst, Wilhelmshaven 1993, ISBN 3-7959-0537-0
• The Violin Makers of the Guarneri family, Their Life and Work - W.E. Hill & Sons, London, 1965

External links

• Guarneri family web page, violins, violin labels
• Guarneri web site
• The Violin Site - Violin Making
• Dr. David L. Fulton's violin collection featuring Giuseppe Guarneri violins