Gallatin, Albert, 1761-1849, American financier and public official, b. Geneva, Switzerland. Left an orphan at nine, Gallatin was reared by his patrician relatives and had an excellent education. He emigrated to the United States in 1780 and later settled (1784) in W Pennsylvania. A member of the Pennsylvania constitutional convention in 1789-90, he also served in the state legislature from 1790 to 1792. Although elected U.S. Senator in 1793, he was deprived (1794) of his office by the Federalist-controlled Senate, which claimed he had not been a citizen long enough to hold a seat. Returning to Pennsylvania, his statesmanlike efforts helped restrain the Western farmers in the Whiskey Rebellion (1794), although Gallatin himself opposed the tax on whiskey. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1795-1801), Gallatin became a recognized leader of the Republican (Jeffersonian) minority and was active in advocating financial reform and in opposing war with France. His demand that the Treasury Dept. be accountable to Congress led to the creation of a standing committee on finance in the House (later the Ways and Means Committee). As Secretary of the Treasury under President Jefferson, Gallatin undertook to change aspects of the country's financial policy from Federalist to Jeffersonian principles, and he reduced the country's debt despite the war against the Barbary States and the Louisiana Purchase. Continuing in office under President Madison, he helped to curtail appropriations for the armed forces and opposed the war hawks prior to the War of 1812 because he believed that federal money should go toward realizing the democratic vision of a broadly expanding internal economy. His fiscal accomplishments were virtually destroyed by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Gallatin left the Treasury Dept. to undertake a diplomatic mission in 1813. He was a key figure in negotiating the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war with Great Britain. He later served as minister to France (1816-23) and to Great Britain (1826-27). Greatly interested in the Native Americans, Gallatin wrote papers on them and was responsible for founding the American Ethnological Society in 1842. Gallatin's eclectic financial policies—although a Jeffersonian he was a supporter of the Bank of the United States—have been widely praised by conservatives and liberals alike; he was one of the most brilliant and successful of Jeffersonian statesmen.

(born Jan. 29, 1761, Geneva, Switz.—died Aug. 12, 1849, Astoria, N.Y., U.S.) U.S. secretary of the treasury (1801–14). At 19 he immigrated to Pennsylvania, where he became successful in business and finance. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1795, he inaugurated the House Committee on Finance, a forerunner of the powerful Ways and Means Committee. As secretary of the treasury he reduced the national debt by $23 million. He opposed the War of 1812 and was instrumental in negotiating the Treaty of Ghent in 1814. After serving as minister to France (1816–23) and to Britain (1826–27), he was president of the National (later Gallatin) Bank in New York City (1831–39).

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Gallatin is a city located on a navigable tributary of the Cumberland River in Sumner County, Tennessee, United States. At the 2000 census, its population was 23,230. The city, named for U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin, was established and made the seat of Sumner County in 1802.

Several national companies have facilities or headquarters in Gallatin, including GAP, Inc., RR Donnelley, and Servpro Industries, Inc. Gallatin was formerly the headquarters of Dot Records. The city is also home to Volunteer State Community College, the largest two-year college in the state.

History

The second oldest county in Middle Tennessee, Sumner County was created by an act of the General Assembly of the State of North Carolina in November 1786. The county was named for Revolutionary War soldier Colonel Jethro Sumner. Gallatin was established in 1802 as the permanent county seat. The town was named after Albert Gallatin, Secretary of Treasury to presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Andrew Jackson became one of the first to purchase a lot when the town was surveyed and platted in 1803. He also founded the first general store in Gallatin. That same year, the first courthouse and jail were built on the central town square. In 1815, the town was first incorporated and would later function under a Charter established by a 1953 Private Act of the State Legislature. The town was built around an open square.

At the beginning of the Civil War, the citizens of Gallatin were mostly opposed to secession from the Union. Eventually, the citizens placed their nearly unanimous support in the Confederacy. When fighting began in April 1861, soldiers from Sumner County began joining ranks.

The Union Army first captured Gallatin in February 1862. It was an important location because the railroad and Cumberland River were significant transportation routes which the Union Army wanted to control. In July, General John Hunt Morgan recaptured Gallatin and held it until Confederate forces fell back to Chattanooga.

In November 1862 Union General Eleazar A. Paine took over the town again and Union troops occupied it throughout the war. Paine was notoriously cruel and was replaced in command before the end of the war. In her diary, a local 16-year-old girl Alice Williamson told about Paine's summary execution of suspected spies in the town square. The long occupation drained the area of resources, as Union troops lived off the land, confiscating livestock and crops from area farms. By the end of the war, there was widespread social and economic breakdown and dislocation in the area, as could be seen by a rise in crime, and the neglect and deterioration of fences. Occupational forces of the Union army stayed in Gallatin after the war.

As in many other areas of Sumner County, in the aftermath of fighting, freedpeople migrated from farms into town to gather in community and escape some white control. At the same time, many whites moved from town out to farms for a while. The formerly prosperous area that had mixed farming and livestock raising needed years to get reestablished.

In the summer of 1873 the town was devastated by an epidemic of cholera. In the month of June, 68 people died, including numerous children. While the town had suffered cholera outbreaks before, that year had the highest number of fatalities. The disease swept through the South from foreigners' arriving from Europe in New Orleans, and contaminated travelers' carrying it with them by steamboat and rail. Nashville had 603 fatal cases from June 7-29, with 72 people dying the day of most fatalities.

Gradually through the 19th century the town and surroundings regained some steady growth. The area was primarily agricultural until mid-20th century. By 1970, industrialization resulted in only half of the county population being considered rural. In 1992, Gallatin was surpassed by Hendersonville as the largest town in the county, though Gallatin remains the county seat. Today it serves in part as a bedroom commuter suburb of Nashville.

On April 7, 2006, a tornado struck the city, killing nine people and injuring 150. Volunteer State Community College sustained major damage. This tornado was part of the April 6-8, 2006 Tornado Outbreak.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.5 square miles (58.2 km²), of which, 22.0 square miles (56.9 km²) of it is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km²) of it (2.18%) is water. Gallatin has variety of natural landscapes: open fields, forests, hills, and lakes. The city is located on Station Camp Creek, three miles (5 km) north of the Cumberland River, which was the chief route of transportation in the county's early years of settlement.

Old Hickory Lake, a man-made lake, built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is located south of the city.

Climate

High temperatures average during the winter months, in spring, in summer, and in fall. The coolest month is January, and July is the warmest. The lowest recorded temperature was in 1985. The highest recorded temperature was in 2007. The maximum average precipitation occurs in March.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 23,230 people, 8,963 households, and 6,193 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,057.3/sq mi (408.2/km²). There were 9,600 housing units at an average density of 436.9/sq mi (168.7/km²).

The racial makeup of the city was 78.30% White, 17.57% African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.42% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 2.02% from other races, and 1.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.45% of the population.

There were 8,963 households out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.9% were non-families. 26.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the city, the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,696, and the median income for a family was $41,899. Males had a median income of $30,620 versus $22,696 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,550. About 10.8% of families and 14.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.4% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

As of May 2007, the unemployment rate in Sumner County was 3.8%, which is 0.7% below the national rate of 4.5%. The total number of workers in the county was 79,620.

The top four major employers in Gallatin, in order, are GAP, Inc., Sumner Regional Medical Center, Volunteer State Community College, and RR Donnelley. Gap employs 1,250 workers, making it the largest employer in the city.

Arts and culture

Gallatin has a modern 10-screen theater, NCG Gallatin Cinema, and a completely restored single-screen theater, called The Palace, built in 1908. There is also a public city library.

Annual events include the Sumner County Fair, held during the last week of August, the Gallatin Christmas Parade, and a Fall Festival held on the square.

Museums and other points of interest

The Sumner County Museum in Gallatin houses a number of artifacts of historical significance to the city and the county.

The city has several architecturally significant buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places. These homes, which have been restored and are open to the public, are Cragfont, Rose Mont, and Trousdale Place.

Parks and recreation

Parks
Gallatin has six parks that allow for various sports and activities, including: baseball, basketball, beach volleyball, disc golf, fishing, football, horseshoes, skateboarding, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, walking, and volleyball. These parks are:

• Clearview Park
• Lock 4 Park
• Municipal Park
• Rogers Field
• Thompson Park
• Triple Creek Park

Old Hickory Lake is also available for boating, fishing, swimming, and related activities.

Recreation
Gallatin offers Cal Ripken & Babe Ruth baseball for ages 5-15 with the Kiwanis Club and Little League Baseball with the American Legion. Slow-pitch girls' softball leagues are also present. Basketball, football, tennis, and soccer leagues are also available for various ages.

The Gallatin Civic Center has a swimming pool, a running/walking track, racquetball courts, and basketball courts.

Gallatin is home to three golf courses:

• Long Hollow Golf Club - a public, 18-hole course built in 1983
• Gallatin Country Club - a private, 9-hole course built in 1948
• The Club at Fairview - a private, 18-hole course built in 2004

Gallatin is home to one disc golf course:

• Triple Creek Disc Golf Course - a public, 18-hole course

Triple Creek is maintained by the City of Gallatin with assistance from the Sumner County Disc Golf Association (SCDGA). The SCDGA holds several events at Triple Creek DGC a month including Wednesdays Random Draw Doubles and a SCDGA Bag Tag that rotates between Triple Creek DGC and Sanders Ferry Park DGC.

Government

Gallatin has a Mayor-Council government (Weak Mayor Form). The City Council is made up of seven elected officials, from five council districts within the city limits, with two of the members being elected as Council At Large members. Of these seven council members, one is elected, by members of the council, as Vice-Mayor. Meetings are presided over by the Mayor, who is elected by citizens.

The City Recorder/City Judge is entrusted with two major functions: administering the city judicial system and maintaining vital city records, billing, and licensing services. These services include collecting city property taxes, ensuring liquor store compliance, and issuing taxi-cab and beer permits. City residents can pay utility bills, purchase city trash cans, apply for property tax rebates and city business licenses at the City Recorder/City Judge office.

The City Attorney oversees, prepares, reviews, and interprets ordinances, resolutions, and contracts; provides legal support to the Mayor, City Council, staff, boards, and committees; and manages litigation in which the City may be involved. Periodic updating of the Gallatin Municipal Code, published by the Municipal Code Corporation, is coordinated by the City Attorney. The Municipal Code includes the City Charter, as well as other City ordinances which are permanent.

Education

Board of Education

Gallatin's schools are governed by the Sumner County Board of Education. The twelve-member group consists of eleven elected representatives from each of the eleven educational districts in the county, as well as the Director of Schools, Benny Bills. The members serve staggered four-year terms; the Director serves under contract with the Board of Education. The board conducts monthly meetings that are open to the public. The school system’s General Purpose School Fund budget during the 2006–07 school year was approximately $153.5 million.

The county-wide school system consists of approximately 1,950 teacher-licensed employees and approximately 1,800 non-teacher employees. The system has more than 180 bus routes which cover more than per day. The floor space in all of the county's schools totals more than . Approximatly 26,528 students were enrolled in the county school system as of August 2007.

Schools

Elementary schools (K–5)

• Benny Bills Elementary School
• Guild Elementary School (also pre-K)
• Howard Elementary School (also pre-K)
• Station Camp Elementary School
• Union Elementary School (year-round school)
• Vena Stuart Elementary School

Middle schools (6–8)

• Knox Doss Middle School
• Rucker-Stewart Middle School
• Shafer Middle School

High schools (9–12)

• Gallatin High School
• Station Camp High School

Alternative schools

• R. T. Fischer Alternative School (K–12)

Private schools

• Saint John Vianney Catholic Elementary School (pre-K–8)
• Southside Christian School (K–12)
• Sumner Academy (pre-K–8)

Colleges

• Volunteer State Community College

Media

Print

Two local newspapers cover events in Gallatin: The Gallatin News Examiner, published three times weekly, Monday, Wednesday and Friday, with a supplement included with The Tennessean on Sunday, and The Gallatin Newspaper, published on Friday.

Radio/television

Gallatin received its first local radio station in August 1948 when WHIN 1010 AM, went on the air. Owned at one time by record mogul Randy Wood, the station still serves Sumner County with country music, local sports, and coverage of NASCAR racing. WHIN was joined by an FM station in December 1960 when 104.5 came on the air. The FM station has broadcast under many call letters, but probably its most famous days were in the late 1970s and 1980s when it was known as KX (pronounced Kicks) 104, a popular music station that battled with Nashville stations for top listenership. During that time the station was owned by Ron Bledsoe, who for years had commanded CBS Records in Nashville, and was a former employee of the station in his younger years.

Volunteer State Community College operates a radio and television station. The student-run radio station, WVCP, broadcasts on 88.5 MHz FM, and plays music of various formats. Their television station is broadcast on Comcast Cable channel 19. The channel displays local announcements related to the college and the Gallatin/Sumner County area. The audio portion of the channel is a simulcast of their radio station. The channel also airs educational programs, usually at high school or college levels. Gallatin City Council meetings, Sumner County School Board meetings, and Sumner County Commission meetings are also broadcast by the station.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Major roadways leading in and out of Gallatin include TN Tennessee State Route 386 "Vietnam Veterans Boulevard," U.S. Highway 31E, and Tennessee State Route 109. U.S. 31E, also known as "Nashville Pike" or "Gallatin Road," is the main thoroughfare through town.

The Nashville Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) provides daily bus service from Gallatin to downtown Nashville, with stops along the way.

The Sumner County Municipal Airport provides air transportation in and out of Gallatin. The facility is equipped with one runway with a 1,000 grass overrun. It also provides fueling and maintenance services.

The Regional Transportation Authority has future plans to expand the current Music City Star commuter railway to include a line running between Gallatin and Nashville, with a stop in Hendersonville.

Healthcare

Sumner Regional Medical Center is a hospital located in Gallatin. It has an emergency room, a nationally recognized cancer-treatment program, a wound care center, a cardiac catheterization lab, and a diagnostic sleep center. The staff can also perform digital mammography, interventional cardiology, neurosurgery, computerized knee replacement surgery, and PET therapy, among other procedures.

The Gallatin Health Department, with two locations, provides women and children's services, flu shots, special needs services, testing for sexually transmitted diseases and tuberculosis, family planning, and immunizations. The department also inspects restaurants, hotels, campgrounds, day care centers, schools, and other public facilities where food is served, to ensure proper sanitation. Additionally, it is responsible for investigating animal bites, rabies, and other animal-related diseases.

A new, state-of-the-art multi-use medical building, called Sumner Station, is expected to be opened in January 2008. The complex will house a fitness and wellness center, primary and specialty medical offices, outpatient rehabilitation services, and an outpatient diagnostic center.

Notable natives and residents

Natives

• William Read Scurry (1821–1864), General in the Confederate States Army in the American Civil War
• Edgar Bright Wilson (born 1908), chemist whose work in microwave spectroscopy contributed to the understanding of the structure and dynamics of molecules
• Johnny Maddox (born 1927), ragtime pianist
• Huell Howser (born 1945), television personality
• Ray Oldham (1951–2005), American football defensive back in the NFL

Residents

• William Trousdale (1790–1872), Governor of Tennessee from 1849 to 1851
• Andrew Jackson, President of the United States
• Randy Wood (1918-d), founder of Dot Records
• Bob Tillman (1937–2000), baseball catcher for the Boston Red Sox (1962–67), New York Yankees (1967), and Atlanta Braves (1968–70)
• Reba McEntire (born 1955), country music singer and actress
• Kimberley Locke (born 1978), adult contemporary pop/R&B singer
• Barbara Mandrell, (born 1948), country music singer

References

Further reading

• Sumner County Fact Book 2007-2008. The News Examiner & The Hendersonville Star News. 2007.

External links

• Official City of Gallatin website
• Gallatin community website
• The Tennessean - My Gallatin news website
• Alice Williamson Diary - Concerning the occupation of Gallatin and the surrounding region by Union forces during the Civil War