Although Amagasaki is the line's official southeastern terminus, all trains continue east to Osaka and beyond on the JR Kōbe Line, or to Gakkentoshi Line via JR Tōzai Line.
Settsu Railway was merged by , which had a plan to build a railway between Osaka and Maizuru. Hankaku Railway extended the line to Takarazuka in 1897 and to Fukuchiyama in 1899. Also the company connected the line to the Kanzaki Station (present-day Amagasaki Station) of the government line in 1898 making the line to the original Amagasaki terminal a branch. Hankaku Railway was nationalized on August 1, 1907.
The branchline between Amagasakikō Station (former Amagasaki terminal of the horsecar railway) and Tsukaguchi Station ceased passenger operation in 1981 and freight operation in 1984.
Modernization of the route began in the 1980s. Railway signal system changed to CTC, and electrification to Fukuchiyama was completed in 1986.
On April 25, 2005, a seven-car Rapid Service derailed and crashed between Tsukaguchi and Amagasaki on its way for Doshisha-mae via the JR Tōzai Line and the Gakkentoshi Line (see: Amagasaki rail crash). Operations on the affected part of the line remained suspended until trial runs began on June 7, 2005. Passenger service resumed on June 19, 2005.
| Station | Distance from Amagasaki Station (km) | Local | Rapid Service | Tambaji Rapid Service | Connecting Lines | Location | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JR Takarazuka Line | Tōkaidō Main Line | |||||||
| 7.7 | S | S | S |
| Kita-ku, Osaka | Osaka Prefecture | ||
| 4.3 | s | | | | | Yodogawa-ku, Osaka | ||||
| Fukuchiyama Line | ||||||||
| 0.0 | S | S | S |
| Amagasaki | Hyōgo Prefecture | ||
| 2.5 | S | | | | | |||||
| 3.9 | S | | | | | |||||
| 5.8 | S | S | S | Itami | ||||
| 7.9 | S | | | | | |||||
| 11.0 | S | S | S |
| Kawanishi | |||
| 14.5 | S | S | S | Takarazuka | ||||
| 17.8 | S | S | S |
| ||||
| 19.7 | S | | | | | Nishinomiya | ||||
| 21.9 | S | S | S | |||||
| 25.1 | S | | | | | Takarazuka | ||||
| 30.1 | S | | | | | Kita-ku, Kobe | ||||
| 33.7 | S | S | S | Sanda | ||||
| 36.9 | S | S | S | |||||
| 39.7 | S | S | S | |||||
| 44.0 | S | S | S | |||||
| 48.2 | S | S | S | |||||
| 50.2 | S | S | S | Sasayama | ||||
| 53.5 | S | S | S | |||||
| 56.1 | S | S | S | |||||
| 58.4 | S | S | S | |||||
| 60.7 | S | S | ||||||
| 68.7 | S | S | Tamba | |||||
| 73.0 | S | S |
| |||||
| 80.0 | S | S | ||||||
| 83.2 | S | S | ||||||
| 87.5 | S | S | ||||||
| 94.0 | S | S | ||||||
| 98.2 | S | S | ||||||
| 106.5 | S | S | Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Prefecture | |||||