Francis Picabia

Picabia, Francis, 1878-1953, French painter. After working in an impressionist style, Picabia was influenced by cubism and later was one of the original exponents of Dada in Europe and the United States. He contributed to avant-garde periodicals and became associated with the Paris surrealists. Picabia, possessed of an intensely individual temperament, influenced numerous artists of different schools without ever confining himself to one mode of artistic expression. His Physical Culture (1913) is at the Philadelphia Museum of Art.

(born Jan. 22, 1879, Paris, France—died Nov. 30, 1953, Paris) French painter, illustrator, designer, writer, and editor. After studying at the École des Beaux-Arts and the École des Arts Décoratifs, he painted for a time in an Impressionist and then a Cubist style. Picabia went on to combine the Cubist style with Orphic elements in such paintings as I See Again in Memory My Dear Udnie (1913–14), to which he gave proto-Dadaist names. About 1916 he began to paint the satiric, machinelike contrivances that are his chief contribution to Dadaism. In 1915 in New York City, Picabia, Marcel Duchamp, and Man Ray together founded an American Dadaist movement. In 1917 Picabia returned to Europe and joined Dadaist movements in Barcelona, Paris, and Zürich. After Dadaism broke up about 1921, he followed the poet André Breton into the Surrealist movement. He subsequently painted in Surrealist, abstract, and figurative styles.

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Francis-Marie Martinez Picabia (January 22, 1879 - November 30, 1953) was a well-known painter and poet born of a French mother and a Spanish-Cuban father who was an attaché at the Cuban legation in Paris, France.

Biography

Born in Paris, he studied at École des Beaux-Arts and École des Arts Decoratifs. In the beginning of his career, from 1903 to 1908, he was influenced by the impressionist paintings of Alfred Sisley. From 1909, he came under the influence of the cubists and the Golden Section (Section d'Or).

Around 1911 he joined the Puteaux Group, which met at the studio of Jacques Villon in the village of Puteaux. There he became friends with artist Marcel Duchamp. Some of the group's members were Apollinaire, Albert Gleizes, Roger de La Fresnaye, Fernand Léger and Jean Metzinger.

From 1913 to 1915 Picabia traveled to New York City several times and took active part in the avant-garde movements, introducing modern art to America. These years can be characterized as Picabia's proto-Dada period, consisting mainly of his portraits mécaniques.

Later, in 1916, while in Barcelona he started his well-known Dada periodical 391, in which he published his first mechanical drawings. He continued the periodical with the help of Duchamp in America.

Picabia continued his involvement in the Dada movement through 1919 in Zürich and Paris, before breaking away from it after developing an interest in Surrealist art. (See Cannibale, 1921.) Again he changed his style in 1925, when he returned to figurative painting.

During the 1930s, he became a close friend of Gertrude Stein. In the early 1940s he moved to the south of France, where his work took a surprising turn - he produced a series of paintings based on the nude and glamour photos in French "Girlie" magazines, in a garish style which appears to subvert traditional, academic nude painting.

Before the end of World War II, he returned to Paris where he resumed abstract painting and writing poetry.

He had love affairs with dancers whom he painted. I See Again in My Memory My Dear Udnie is one such painting of a dancer he was involved with.

A large amount of his work involves the mechanical representation of people.

A large retrospective of his work was held at the Galerie René Drouin in Paris in the spring of 1949.

Picabia loved fast automobiles and is said to have owned as many as one hundred and fifty of them.

Francis Picabia died in Paris in 1953 and was interred in the Cimetière de Montmartre.

In recent years, a Picabia painting has sold for as much as $1.6 million.

Bibliography

• The Artwork Caught by the Tail: Francis Picabia and Dada in Paris Cambridge: October Books (2007); by George Baker - (ISBN 0-2620-2618-X)
• I Am a Beautiful Monster: Poetry, Prose, and Provocation Cambridge: The MIT Press (2007); by Francis Picabia, translated by Marc Lowenthal- (ISBN 0-2621-6243-1)

References

External links

• http://www.michaelwerner.com
• Extensive Picabia website
• Comité Picabia Site of the organization developing a catalogue raisonné of the artist
• Picabia art and biography
• Picabia images at CGFA
• Scans of Picabia's publication, 391
• 391.org, contemporary dada publication following Picabia's 391
• After 391: Picabia's early multimedia experiments Short essay
• style="font-style : italic;">Dada Movement in the MoMA Online Collection
• Francis Picabia - Dadaist/Surrealist Painter - A Gallery
• Francis Picabia, Singulier idéal by Joseph Nechvatal