the peripheral organs of the special senses

the organs of taste ()

• peripheral gustatory or taste organs
• gustatory calyculi (taste-buds)
• Structure of taste bud
• gustatory pore
• supporting cells
• gustatory cells

• Structure of taste bud
• gustatory hair
• Nerves of Taste
• chorda tympani
• glossopharyngeal nerve

the organ of smell ()

• Organon Olfactorius; The Nose
• External nose (Nasus Externus; Outer nose)
• apex
• base
• nares
• columna
• vibrissae
• dorsum nasi
• bridge
• ala nasi
• Structure
• bony frame-work
• cartilaginous frame-work (cartilagines nasi)
• cartilage of the septum (cartilago septi nasi)

• Structure
• sphenoidal process
• septum mobile nasi
• lateral cartilage (cartilago nasi lateralis; upper lateral cartilage)
• greater alar cartilage (cartilago alaris major; lower lateral cartilage)
• medial wall (crus mediale)
• septum mobile nasi
• lateral wall (crus laterale)
• lesser alar cartilages (cartilagines alares minores; sesamoid cartilages)

• Nasal cavity (Cavum Nasi; Nasal fossa)
• nares
• choanae
• vestibule
• olfactory region
• respiratory region
• Lateral wall
• nasal conchæ
• sphenoethmoidal recess
• superior meatus
• middle meatus

• Lateral wall
• atrium
• bulla ethmoidalis
• hiatus semilunaris
• infundibulum
• ostium maxillare
• inferior meatus
• Medial wall

• Medial wall
• nasopalatine recess
• vomeronasal organ of Jacobson
• vomeronasal cartilage
• nasopalatine recess
• Mucous membrane (membrana mucosa nasi)
• respiratory region
• olfactory region
• supporting cells
• olfactory cells
• olfactory hair
• glands of Bowman

• Nasal aperture: veins of:
• Nose: nerves of:
• Nose: veins of:

• Accessory sinuses of the nose (Sinus paranasales)
• Frontal sinuses (sinus frontales)
• Ethmoidal air cells (cellulæ ethmoidales)
• Sphenoidal sinuses (sinus sphenoidales)

• Accessory sinuses of the nose (Sinus paranasales)
• Maxillary sinus (sinus maxillaris; antrum of Highmore)

the organ of sight ()

• bulb of the eye (bulbus oculi; eyeball), or organ of sight
• fascia bulbi

• anterior pole
• posterior pole
• optic axis

Development of eye

• optic vesicles
• optic stalk
• lens vesicle
• optic cup

• optic vesicles
• choroidal fissure
• coloboma
• retina
• pars ciliaris and pars iridica retinae
• optic nerve
• optic chiasma
• crystalline lens

• crystalline lens
• capsula vasculosa lentis
• pupillary membrane
• vitreous body

• anterior chamber
• sclera
• choroid
• eyelids
• lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct
• nasoöptic furrow
• epithelium
• eyelashes

the tunics of the eye ()

Fibrous tunic (tunica fibrosa oculi)

• Sclera
• spatium perichorioideale
• suprachorioidea
• lamina cribrosa sclerae
• venae vorticosae
• sclero-corneal junction
• sinus venosus sclerae (canal of Schlemm)

• Sclera
• trabecular tissue (Trabecular meshwork)
• Cornea

• Cornea
• sulcus circularis corneae
• iridial angle or filtration angle
• scleral spur
• Structure of cornea
• corneal epithelium (epithelium corneæ anterior layer)
• substantia propria

• Cornea
• Structure of cornea
• corneal spaces
• corneal corpuscle
• anterior elastic lamina (lamina elastica anterior; anterior limiting layer; Bowman’s membrane)
• posterior elastic lamina (lamina elastica posterior; membrane of Descemet; membrane of Demours)

• Cornea
• Structure of cornea
• spaces of the angle of the iris (spaces of Fontana)
• pectinate ligament of the iris
• endothelium of the anterior chamber (endothelium cameræ anterioris; posterior layer; corneal endothelium)

Vascular tunic (tunica vasculosa oculi)

• Choroid (chorioidea)

• Choroid (chorioidea)
• lamina suprachorioidea
• choroid proper
• outer layer (lamina vasculosa)
• venae vorticosae
• inner layer (lamina choriocapillaris)
• stratum intermedium
• Tapetum
• Ciliary body (corpus ciliare)
• orbiculus ciliaris
• ciliary processes (processus ciliares)

• Ciliary body (corpus ciliare)
• ciliary processes (processus ciliares)
• pars ciliaris retinae
• Ciliaris muscle (m. ciliaris; Bowman's muscle)
• meridional fibers and circular fibers

• Iris
• pupil
• anterior chamber
• posterior chamber

• Iris
• stroma (stroma iridis)
• muscular fibers
• circular fibers
• radiating fibers
• pars iridica retinae (uvea)

• Iris
• membrana pupillaris

Retina (tunica interna)

• ora serrata

• pars ciliaris retinae and pars iridica retinae
• rhodopsin or visual purple
• macula lutea
• fovea centralis
• optic disk
• colliculus nervi optici
• blind spot
• Structure of retina
• pigmented layer
• Retina proper
• stratum opticum or layer of nerve fibers

• Retina proper
• ganglionic layer
• inner plexiform layer
• inner nuclear layer or layer of inner granules
• bipolar cells

• Retina proper
• inner nuclear layer or layer of inner granules
• rod bipolars
• cone bipolars
• horizontal cells
• amacrine cells
• outer plexiform layer
• outer nuclear layer or layer of outer granules
• rod granules
• cone granules
• Layer of rods and cones (Jacob's membrane)
• rods
• cones
• Supporting Frame-work of the Retina
• sustentacular fibers of Müller
• membrana limitans interna
• membrana limitans externa
• Macula lutea and Fovea centralis

• Macula lutea and Fovea centralis
• ora serrata
• pars ciliaris retinae
• pars iridica retinae or uvea
• arteria centralis retinae

the refracting media ()

• Aqueous humor (humor aqueus)
• Vitreous body (corpus vitreum)
• hyaloid fossa
• hyaloid membrane
• hyaloid canal
• zonula ciliaris (zonule of Zinn)
• suspensory ligament of the lens

• Vitreous body (corpus vitreum)
• spatia zonularis (canal of Petit)
• Crystalline lens (lens crystallina)
• capsule of the lens (capsula lentis)
• lens
• lens, poles of:

• Crystalline lens (lens crystallina)
• radii lentis

the accessory organs of the eye ()

• Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
• Levator palpebræ superioris

• Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
• Recti
• Rectus inferior
• Rectus internus
• Rectus lateralis
• Rectus superior
• Rectus medialis
• annulus tendineus communis
• ligament of Zinn or tendon of Zinn
• superior tendon of Lockwood
• Obliquus oculi superior (superior oblique)

• Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
• Obliquus oculi inferior (inferior oblique)

• Ocular muscles (musculi oculi)
• Orbitalis muscle
• Fascia bulb (capsule of Ténon)
• periscleral lymph space
• medial check ligament and lateral check ligament

• Fascia bulb (capsule of Ténon)
• suspensory ligament of the eye
• Orbital fascia
• Eyebrows (supercilia)
• Eyelids (palpebræ)
• palpebral fissure (rima palpebrarum)
• palpebral commissures or canthi
• lateral palpebral commissure (commissura palpebrarum lateralis; external canthus)
• medial palpebral commissure (commissura palpebrarum medialis; internal canthus)
• lacus lacrimalis
• lacrimal papilla
• punctum lacrimale
• eyelashes (cilia)
• ciliary glands
• Structure of the Eyelids
• integument
• subcutaneous areolar tissue
• palpebral fibers of the Orbicularis oculi
• tarsi (tarsal plates)
• superior tarsus (tarsus superior; superior tarsal plate)
• inferior tarsus (tarsus inferior; inferior tarsal plate)

• orbital septum (septum orbitale; palpebral ligament)
• Tarsal glands (glandulæ tarsales [Meibomi]; Meibomian glands)
• conjunctiva

• conjunctiva
• Palpebral portion (tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum)
• plica semilunaris
• superior fornix
• inferior fornix
• Bulbar portion (tunica conjunctiva bulbi)

• trachoma glands
• caruncula lacrimalis
• lacus lacrimalis
• plica semilunaris
• Lacrimal apparatus (apparatus lacrimalis)
• Lacrimal gland (glandula lacrimalis)
• superior lacrimal gland
• inferior lacrimal gland
• Lacrimal ducts (ductus lacrimalis; lacrimal canals)
• puncta lacrimalia
• papillae lacrimales
• superior duct
• inferior duct
• ampullae
• Lacrimal sac (saccus lacrimalis)

• Lacrimal apparatus (apparatus lacrimalis)
• Nasolacrimal duct (ductus nasolacrimalis; nasal duct)
• plica lacrimalis (Hasneri)

the organ of hearing ()

• ear
• auditory plate
• auditory pit

• auditory vesicle

• Labyrinth: development of:

• middle ear
• auditory tube
• malleus
• incus
• stapes
• external acoustic meatus
• acoustic nerve
• vestibular ganglion
• spiral ganglion

the external ear ()

• external ear
• auricula (pinna)
• Helix
• auricular tubercle of Darwin
• antihelix

• auricula (pinna)
• fossa triangularis
• concha
• crus
• cymba conchae
• cavum conchae
• tragus
• intertragic notch
• antitragus
• lobule
• eminentia conchae
• eminentia triangularis
• Structure of auricula
• cartilage of the auricula (cartilago auriculæ; cartilage of the pinna)
• spina helicis
• cauda helicis
• fissura antitragohelicina
• sulcus antihelicis transversus
• ponticulus

• Structure of auricula
• ligaments of the auricula (ligamenti auricularia; ligaments of the pinna)
• Extrinsic muscles of external ear
• Auricularis anterior (Attrahens aurem)
• Auricularis superior (Attolens aurem)
• Auricularis posterior (Retrahens aurem)
• Intrinsic muscles of external ear
• Helicis major
• Helicis minor
• Tragicus
• Antitragicus
• Transversus auriculae
• Obliquus auriculae

• External acoustic meatus (meatus acusticus externus; external auditory canal or meatus)
• isthmus
• cartilaginous portion (meatus acusticus externus cartilagineus)
• osseous portion (meatus acusticus externus osseus)

• External acoustic meatus (meatus acusticus externus; external auditory canal or meatus)
• tympanic sulcus
• annulus tympanicus
• ceruminous glands

the middle ear or tympanic cavity ()

• middle ear

• tympanic cavity proper
• epitympanic recess
• Tegmental wall or Roof (paries tegmentalis)
• tegmen tympani
• Jugular wall or Floor (paries jugularis)
• fundus tympani
• Membranous or Lateral wall (paries membranacea; outer wall)
• notch of Rivinus
• iter chordae posterius (apertura tympanica canaliculi chordae)
• petrotympanic fissure (fissura petrotympanica; Glaserian fissure)

• Membranous or Lateral wall (paries membranacea; outer wall)
• iter chordae anterius (canal of Huguier)
• Tympanic membrane (membrana tympani)
• fibrocartilaginous ring
• tympanic sulcus
• malleolar folds
• pars flaccida
• umbo
• Structure
• cutaneous stratum
• fibrous stratum

• Labyrinthic or Medial wall (paries labyrinthica; inner wall)
• fenestra vestibuli (fenestra ovalis)
• fenestra cochleæ (fenestra rotunda)
• secondary tympanic membrane

• Labyrinthic or Medial wall (paries labyrinthica; inner wall)
• promontory (promontorium)
• prominence of the facial canal (prominentia canalis facialis; prominence of aqueduct of Fallopius)
• mastoid or posterior wall (paries mastoidea)
• entrance to the antrum
• tympanic or mastoid antrum
• mastoid air cells
• pyramidal eminence (eminentia pyramidalis; pyramid)
• fossa incudis
• Carotid or Anterior wall (paries carotica)
• septum canalis musculotubarii
• semicanal for the Tensor tympani (semicanalis m. tensoris tympani)
• septum canalis musculotubarii (processus cochleariformis)
• auditory tube (tuba auditiva; Eustachian tube)

• auditory tube (tuba auditiva; Eustachian tube)
• osseous portion (pars osseo tubae auditivae)
• cartilaginous portion (pars cartilaginea tubae auditivae)
• torus tubarius
• tube tonsil

the auditory ossicles ()

• Malleus
• head (capitulum mallei)
• cog-tooth (spur of the malleus)
• neck (collum mallei)
• manubrium mallei (handle)
• anterior process (processus anterior; processus gracilis)
• lateral process (processus lateralis; processus brevis)

• Incus
• body (corpus incudis)
• short crus (crus breve; short process)

• Incus
• fossa incudis
• long crus (crus longum; long process)
• lenticular process

• Stapes
• head (capitulum stapedis)
• crura (crus anterius and crus posterius)
• base (basis stapedis)

• Ligaments of the Ossicles (ligamenta ossiculorum auditus)
• anterior ligament of the malleus (lig. mallei anterius)
• superior ligament of the malleus (lig. mallei superius)
• lateral ligament of the malleus (lig. mallei laterale; external ligament of the malleus)
• axis ligament
• posterior ligament of the incus (lig. incudis posterius)

• Ligaments of the Ossicles
• superior ligament of the incus (lig. incudis superius)
• annular ligament of the base of the stapes (lig. annulare baseos stapedis)

• Muscles of the Tympanic Cavity (musculi ossiculorum auditus)
• Tensor tympani
• Stapedius

• Mucous membrane of the Tympanic cavity
• pouch of Prussak
• recesses of Troltsch

• tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal (Jacobson's nerve)
• superior and inferior caroticotympanic nerves
• smaller superficial petrosal nerve
• chorda tympani nerve

the internal ear or labyrinth ()

• internal ear (labyrinth)
• Osseous labyrinth (labyrinthus osseus)
• Vestibule (vestibulum)

• Vestibule (vestibulum)
• pyramid of the vestibule
• fossa cochlearis
• aquæductus vestibuli
• ductus endolymphaticus
• recessus ellipticus
• macula cribrosa superior

• Bony semicircular canals (canales semicirculares ossei)
• ampulla
• superior semicircular canal (canalis semicircularis superior)
• crus commune
• posterior semicircular canal (canalis semicircularis posterior)
• lateral or horizontal canal (canalis semicircularis lateralis; external semicircular canal)

• Cochlea
• apex of cochlea (cupula)
• osseous spiral lamina
• basilar membrane
• helicotrema
• modiolus

• Cochlea
• spiral canal of the modiolus
• spiral ganglion (ganglion of Corti)
• cupula
• fenestra cochleae
• secondary tympanic membrane
• osseous spiral lamina (lamina spiralis ossea)
• scala vestibuli
• scala tympani
• hamulus laminæ spiralis
• helicotrema
• secondary spiral lamina
• vestibule fissure
• perilymph
• Membranous labyrinth (labyrinthus membranaceus)
• perilymph
• endolymph
• utricle (utriculus)
• macula acustica utriculi

• utricle (utriculus)
• ductus utriculosaccularis
• Saccule (sacculus)
• macula acustica sacculi
• ductus endolymphaticus
• saccus endolymphaticus
• canalis reuniens of Hensen
• Semicircular ducts (ductus semicirculares; membranous semicircular canals)
• septum transversum
• Structure
• supporting cells
• hair cells

• Structure
• otoconia
• Ductus cochlearis (membranous cochlea; scala media)
• basilar membrane
• vestibular membrane
• ductus cochlearis (scala media)
• lagena
• canalis reuniens of Hensen
• spiral ligament
• basilar crest

• sulcus spiralis externus
• stria vascularis
• limbus laminæ spiralis
• sulcus spiralis internus
• vestibular lip
• tympanic lip
• auditory teeth

• Basilar membrane
• zona arcuata
• zona pectinata
• vas spirale
• spiral organ of Corti
• pillars of Corti

• spiral organ of Corti
• tunnel of Corti
• reticular membrane
• rods of Corti
• phalangeal processes
• Hair cells

• Hair cells
• cells of Deiters
• phalangeal process
• supporting cells of Hensen
• cells of Claudius
• space of Nuel
• reticular lamina
• phalanges
• tectorial membrane
• Hensen's stripe
• acoustic nerve (n. acusticus; auditory nerve or nerve of hearing)
• vestibular nerve (n. vestibularis)
• vestibular ganglion (ganglion of Scarpa)

peripheral terminations of nerves of general sensations ()

• Free nerve-endings
• tactile disks

• special end-organs

• special end-organs
• end-bulbs of Krause
• genital corpuscles
• articular end-bulbs
• tactile corpuscles of Grandry
• Pacinian corpuscles

• special end-organs
• corpuscles of Herbst
• corpuscles of Golgi and Mazzoni
• tactile corpuscles of Wagner and Meissner
• Corpuscles of Ruffini
• neurotendinous spindles (organs of Golgi)
• neuromuscular spindles

the common integument ()

• Integumentum Commune; Skin, integument
• epidermis, cuticle or scarf skin

• four layers
• stratum mucosum (mucous layer)
• stratum germinativum

• four layers
• stratum granulosum
• stratum lucidum
• stratum corneum (horny layer)
• keratin
• melanin

• Corium, Cutis vera, Dermis, or True skin
• reticular layer (stratum reticulare; deep layer)
• papillary layer (stratum papillare; superficial layer; corpus papillare of the corium)
• papillæ

• Development
• vernix caseosa
• lanugo
• Appendages of the Skin
• nails (ungues)
• free edge
• nail matrix
• lunula of nails

• Appendages of the Skin
• nails (ungues)
• eponychium
• Hairs (pili)
• shaft or scapus
• root of the hair (radix pili)
• hair bulb
• hair follicle
• outer coat or dermic coat

• Appendages of the Skin
• Hairs (pili)
• inner coat or epidermic coat
• outer root sheath and inner root sheath
• Huxley's layer
• Henle's layer

• Appendages of the Skin
• Hairs (pili)
• shaft of the hair (scapus pili)
• cortex
• cuticle
• Arrectores pilorum
• Sebaceous glands (glandulæ sebaceæ)
• sebum cutaneum

• Appendages of the Skin
• Sudoriferous glands or Sweat glands (glandulæ sudoriferæ)
• areolar tissue
• epithelium

See also

• List of images and subjects in Gray's Anatomy
• List of images in Gray's Anatomy: X. The Organs of the senses and the Common integument