Sarmiento de Acuña, Diego: see Gondomar, Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, conde de.

Laynez, Diego: see Lainez, Diego.

Diego, Gerardo, 1896-1987, Spanish poet, b. Santander. Although he embraced many new poetic credos, his poetry is classified into two styles. His traditional poetry of real and sentimental experiences includes Soria (1923) and Versos humanos [human verses] (1925). A second style, called creationism, produced more dehumanized poetry like Imagen [image] (1922) and Manual de espumas [manual of foam] (1924). A synthesis of both styles is seen in Alondra de verdad [the lark of truth] (1941).

Lainez, Diego, 1512-65, Spanish theologian, leader of the Counter Reformation; general of the Society of Jesus. He was one of the small band that formed the original Society of Jesus under St. Ignatius of Loyola. At the Council of Trent (see Trent, Council of) he was papal theologian and made a sensation by his brilliant expositions of doctrine; his words were incorporated exactly in some of the canons. At St. Ignatius's death (1556) he was vicar general of the Jesuits, and in 1558 he was made general. The next year he avoided being made pope only by secretly leaving Rome. He represented the church in disputation with the Calvinists in the Colloquy of Poissy (1561). The name also appears as Laynez.

Rivera, Diego, 1886-1957, Mexican mural painter, studied as a youth with Posada and other Mexican painters; husband of Frida Kahlo. The native sculpture of Mexico deeply impressed him. In Europe (1907-9, 1912-21) he worked in several countries and was influenced by the paintings of El Greco and Goya. He had close association with Cézanne and Picasso and with communistic Russians in exile. He became convinced that a new form of art should respond to "the new order of things … and that the logical place for this art … belonging to the populace, was on the walls of public buildings." Returning in 1921 to Mexico, he painted, with the assistance of younger artists, large murals dealing with the life, history, and social problems of Mexico, in the Preparatory School and the Ministry of Education in Mexico City and the Agricultural School of Chapingo. To the peasants and workers he became a sort of prophet. He visited Moscow in 1927-28 and upon his return painted in the National Palace and in the Palace of Cortés at Cuernavaca. In the United States he painted frescoes in the luncheon club of the Stock Exchange and in the Fine Arts Building, both in San Francisco, and murals in the Detroit Institute of Arts, giving his interpretation of industrial America as exemplified in Detroit. A mural for Rockefeller Center, New York City, was destroyed by order of his sponsors because of the inclusion of a portrait of Lenin. The mural was reproduced in Mexico City at the Palace of Fine Arts. Rivera in 1936 interceded with President Cárdenas to permit Trotsky to come to Mexico. In 1956 the artist went to Moscow for an operation. Several months before his death he announced his affiliation with the Roman Catholic Church.

Portales, Diego, 1793-1837, Chilean statesman. Founder of constitutional order and of the conservative regime in Chile, he was general minister (1830-31) and minister of war and marine (1831-32, 1835-37). The brilliantly conceived, highly centralistic constitution of 1833 was largely his work. Refusing the presidency, but ruling in fact, he reorganized the army, the treasury, the internal administration, commerce, and industry. His one aim was to bring order out of the bloody chaos that followed independence, but the parliamentarian became the autocrat; his strict measures aroused bitter opposition and he was assassinated by mutinous soldiers.

City (pop., 2000: 1,223,400) and port, southern California, U.S. It is located on San Diego Bay, the site of major naval and military bases. Sighted by the Spanish in 1542 and named San Miguel, the area was renamed San Diego in 1602. In 1769 the Spanish established a military post on the site, and Junípero Serra dedicated the first California mission there. The U.S. acquired it from Mexico in 1846, and a new city was laid out in 1867. The arrival of the Santa Fe railroad in 1885 stimulated the city's growth. Industrial development is dominated by aerospace, electronics, and shipbuilding, and the city is the main commercial outlet for the farm produce of southern California. Balboa Park and its San Diego Zoo are renowned, as are the area universities.

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(born Dec. 8, 1886, Guanajuato, Mex.—died Nov. 25, 1957, Mexico City) Mexican muralist. After study in Mexico City and Spain, he settled in Paris from 1909 to 1919. He briefly espoused Cubism but abandoned it circa 1917 for a visual language of simplified forms and bold areas of colour. He returned to Mexico in 1921, seeking to create a new national art on revolutionary themes in the wake of the Mexican Revolution. He painted many public murals, the most ambitious of which is in the National Palace (1929–57). From 1930 to 1934 he worked in the U.S. His mural for New York's Rockefeller Center aroused a storm of controversy and was ultimately destroyed because it contained the figure of Vladimir Ilich Lenin; he later reproduced it at the Palace of Fine Arts in Mexico City. With José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros, Rivera created a revival of fresco painting that became Mexico's most significant contribution to 20th-century art. His large-scale didactic murals contain scenes of Mexican history, culture, and industry, with Indians, peasants, conquistadores, and factory workers drawn as simplified figures in crowded, shallow spaces. Rivera was twice married to Frida Kahlo.

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(born Oct. 30, 1960, Villa Fiorito, near Buenos Aires, Arg.) Argentine football (soccer) player. A midfielder renowned for his ability to create scoring chances for himself and others, he led club teams to championships in Argentina, Italy, and Spain. He starred for the Argentine national team that won the 1986 World Cup. His performance included two memorable goals against England, one scored with his hand (the referee mistakenly thought the ball struck his head) and now remembered as the “Hand of God,” and another that saw him dribble through a pack of defenders. He was twice suspended for use of banned substances. An Internet poll conducted by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association named Maradona the top player of the 20th century.

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(born 1475, Almagro, Castile—died 1538, Cuzco, Peru) Spanish soldier who played a leading role in the Spanish conquest of Peru. Following service in the Spanish navy, he arrived in South America in 1524 and, with Francisco Pizarro, led the expedition that conquered the Inca empire in what is now Peru. Bitter enmity arose between the two men, and Almagro imprisoned Pizarro's two brothers for insubordination during an Indian rebellion. Pizarro then defeated Almagro's army and had his former friend put to death.

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(born Dec. 8, 1886, Guanajuato, Mex.—died Nov. 25, 1957, Mexico City) Mexican muralist. After study in Mexico City and Spain, he settled in Paris from 1909 to 1919. He briefly espoused Cubism but abandoned it circa 1917 for a visual language of simplified forms and bold areas of colour. He returned to Mexico in 1921, seeking to create a new national art on revolutionary themes in the wake of the Mexican Revolution. He painted many public murals, the most ambitious of which is in the National Palace (1929–57). From 1930 to 1934 he worked in the U.S. His mural for New York's Rockefeller Center aroused a storm of controversy and was ultimately destroyed because it contained the figure of Vladimir Ilich Lenin; he later reproduced it at the Palace of Fine Arts in Mexico City. With José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros, Rivera created a revival of fresco painting that became Mexico's most significant contribution to 20th-century art. His large-scale didactic murals contain scenes of Mexican history, culture, and industry, with Indians, peasants, conquistadores, and factory workers drawn as simplified figures in crowded, shallow spaces. Rivera was twice married to Frida Kahlo.

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(born Oct. 30, 1960, Villa Fiorito, near Buenos Aires, Arg.) Argentine football (soccer) player. A midfielder renowned for his ability to create scoring chances for himself and others, he led club teams to championships in Argentina, Italy, and Spain. He starred for the Argentine national team that won the 1986 World Cup. His performance included two memorable goals against England, one scored with his hand (the referee mistakenly thought the ball struck his head) and now remembered as the “Hand of God,” and another that saw him dribble through a pack of defenders. He was twice suspended for use of banned substances. An Internet poll conducted by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association named Maradona the top player of the 20th century.

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(born 1475, Almagro, Castile—died 1538, Cuzco, Peru) Spanish soldier who played a leading role in the Spanish conquest of Peru. Following service in the Spanish navy, he arrived in South America in 1524 and, with Francisco Pizarro, led the expedition that conquered the Inca empire in what is now Peru. Bitter enmity arose between the two men, and Almagro imprisoned Pizarro's two brothers for insubordination during an Indian rebellion. Pizarro then defeated Almagro's army and had his former friend put to death.

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Diego is a Spanish male name, derived from the Hebrew Yaʿqob (Jacob), the name of Saint James the Great, via Sant Yago, re-analysed as Santiago and SanDiego. . The assimilation of the final "T" of Sant into the name, a process called sandhi, has also occurred in "Telmo", the Spanish and Portuguese name for Elmo.

The Portuguese variant is Diogo, quite popular in the Portuguese speaking countries and comunities.

The name Diego is popular in the Spanish speaking world and also in Southern Italy (as are other Spanish names such as Fernando), due to the Spanish influence from the days of the Kingdom of Naples. For example, on the death of King Alfonso I of Naples (also known as Alfonso V of Aragon) in 1458, a famous elegy was composed by one Diego del Castillo.

The patronymic for Diego is Díaz (used for example by Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, better known as El Cid). As with most Spanish patronymics, it has become a common Spanish surname (see Diaz for a list of people with that surname). The form Diéguez is much less common. The form Diegues is common in lusophone countries.

Simultaneous usage of several forms

During Medieval times, the names "Sant Yago", "Diago" and "Diego" seem to have coexisted.

"Sant Yago" is used, for example, in a letter by James II of Aragon dated 1300: "[...] maestro de la cavalleria de Sant Yago et de la dita orden [...]".

"Diago" is recorded, for example, in "Et fue a casa del Rey. e mostrolo a don diago que era adelantado del Rey" (Fuero de Burgos, ca. 1240 )

The Cid's father was named Diego Laínez. Since the Cid is believed to have been born around 1040, the name Diego can be placed in Castile at the beginning of the 11th century.

The name Didacus

Diego was translated into Latin as "Didacus" ("learned person"). Thus, for example, the usual English language name for San Diego de Alcalá (after whom San Diego, California is named) is "Didacus of Alcalá".

This form, and the simplified Spanish "Didaco", were most likely created in retrospect (that is, to translate Diego into Latin, as opposed to being the source of the name Diego). There are no mentions of Spanish people name Didacus during the Middle Ages. During those times, it was common practice to Latinize existing names, as in Ludovicus for Ludwig (Luis in Spanish).

Even so, some have insisted on deriving Diego from Didacus; nineteenth-century Spanish author Benito Pérez Galdós has a passage in his "National Episodes Series 4" (Narváez) that reads:

Su nombre es Didaco o Yago, aunque vulgarmente lo llaman Diego. (His name is Didaco or Yago, but he is commonly called Diego.)

Modern usage

In today's Spanish-speaking countries, Diego and Santiago are common as given names, while Santiago and Sandiego are found as surnames.

The forms Tiago, Thiago, Diago and Diogo are seen mostly in Portuguese speaking (lusophone) countries.

See also

• San Diego (disambiguation)
• Diego (footballer) a list of football players known as Diego

References