Cyathea is a genus of tree ferns, the type genus of the fern order Cyatheales. They are mostly terrestrial ferns, usually with a single tall stem. Rarely, the trunk may be branched or creeping. Many species also develop a fibrous mass of roots at the base of the trunk. The genus has a pantropical distribution, with over 470 species. They grow in habitats ranging from tropical rain forests to temperate woodlands.
The genus name Cyathea is derived from the Greek kyatheion, meaning "little cup", and refers to the cup-shaped sori on the underside of the fronds.
The best known species include:
Classification
The classification below follows the findings of Conant
et al. in 1996 . Conant concluded, based on molecular
cpDNA and morphological evidence, that a system of three clades —
Alsophila,
Cyathea and
Sphaeropteris, whereby
Alsophila is most basal and
Cyathea and
Sphaeropteris are derived sister groups — is the most accurate reflection of evolutionary lineages within the
Cyatheaceae.
Uncertain or dubious taxa
Misassigned taxa
- Cyathea abitaguensis (Domin) Domin, 1930 = Cnemidaria uleana
- Cyathea antillana Domin, 1930 = Cnemidaria grandifolia
- Cyathea aristata Domin, 1930 = Cnemidaria apiculata
- Cyathea choricarpa (Maxon) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria choricarpa
- Cyathea commutata Sprengel, 1804 = Cnemidaria horrida
- Cyathea decurrentiloba Domin, 1930 = Cnemidaria decurrens
- Cyathea elegantissima (Fée) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria decurrens
- Cyathea ewanii Alston, 1958 = Cnemidaria ewanii
- Cyathea grandifolia Willdenow, 1810 = Cnemidaria grandifolia
- Cyathea grandis (Maxon) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria mutica
- Cyathea guatemalensis (Maxon) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria decurrens
- Cyathea horrida (Linnaeus) J. E. Smith, 1793 = Cnemidaria horrida
- Cyathea imrayana (W. J. Hooker) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria grandifolia
- Cyathea karsteniana Klotzsch, 1852 = Cnemidaria karsteniana
- Cyathea kohautiana (Presl) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria grandifolia
- Cyathea leprieurii (Kunze) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria cruciata
- Cyathea liebmannii Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria decurrens
- Cyathea lucida (Fée) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria decurrens
- Cyathea minita Kaulfuss, 1824 = Cnemidaria grandifolia
- Cyathea mutica (Christ) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria mutica
- Cyathea obtusa (Kaulfuss) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria grandifolia
- Cyathea roraimensis (Domin) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria roraimensis
- Cyathea spectabilis (Kunze) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria spectabilis
- Cyathea subarborescens Domin, 1930 = Cnemidaria uleana
- Cyathea subincisa (Kunze) Domin, 1929 = Cnemidaria speciosa
Notes
References
External links