coronary bypass

Surgical treatment for coronary heart disease to relieve angina pectoris and prevent heart attacks. It became widely used in the 1960s. One or more blood vessels—usually an artery in the chest or a vein from the leg—are transplanted to create new paths for blood to flow from the aorta to the heart muscle, bypassing obstructed sections of the coronary arteries.

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Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass (MIDCAB) is a surgical treatment for coronary heart disease that is a less invasive method of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). MIDCAB gains surgical access to the heart with a smaller incision than other types of CABG. MIDCAB is sometimes referred to as "keyhole" heart surgery because the operation is analogous to operating through a keyhole.

MIDCAB is a form of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB), performed "off-pump" - without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (the heart-lung machine). MIDCAB differs from OPCAB in the type of incision used for the surgery; with traditional CABG and OPCAB a median sternotomy (dividing the breastbone) provides access the heart; with MIDCAB, the surgeon enters the chest cavity through a mini-thoracotomy (a 2-to-3 inch incision between the ribs).

The MIDCAB approach is usually reserved for cases requiring one or two bypasses; typically bypassing arteries on the front of the heart, such as the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. In most cases, the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) is used as the bypass conduit and anastomosed to the LAD. Patients requiring more than one or two bypasses are usually not candidates for MIDCAB because of limited access to vessels on the back side of the heart.

MIDCAB in hybrid revascularization

People with multi-vessel coronary disease and desire a minimally invasive approach to surgery may be eligible for hybrid bypass. A hybrid approach combines coronary bypass (using the MIDCAB approach) and coronary stenting.

See also

• Cardiac surgeon
• Cardiac surgery
• Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass surgery

References