Resource contention, a general concept in communications and computing, is competition by users of a system for the facility at the same time:
Contention, in telecommunications, a condition where two or more stations attempt to transmit at the same time over a shared channel.
The contention ratio, in computer networking, competition that applies specifically to the number of people connected to an ISP who share a set amount of bandwidth.
Lock contention, in computer science, where a mutual exclusion lock reduces the throughput by hindering the concurrency of a program.