Troyon, Constant, 1810-65, French painter of the Barbizon school, famous for his pictures of animals, particularly cows, in landscape. Among his paintings are Oxen at Work (Louvre) and Holland Cattle and Road in the Woods (Metropolitan Mus.).

Constant, Benjamin (Henri Benjamin Constant de Rebecque), 1767-1830, French-Swiss political writer and novelist, b. Lausanne. His affair (1794-1811) with Germaine de Staël turned him to political interests. He accompanied her to Paris in 1795 and served (1799-1801) as a tribune under the first consul, Napoleon. When Mme de Stäel was expelled (1802), however, he went into exile with her, spending the following 12 years in Switzerland and Germany. In 1813 he published a pamphlet attacking Napoleon and urging constitutional government and civil liberties. On Napoleon's return from Elba, however, Constant accepted office under him. After Napoleon's final defeat at Waterloo and the restoration of the Bourbons, Constant continued his political pamphleteering, calling for a constitutional monarchy. He served (1819-22, 1824-30) in the chamber of deputies. Constant gained a great reputation as a liberal publicist, and his funeral (shortly after the July Revolution, 1830, which he had supported) was the occasion for great demonstrations. His most important work, the introspective and semiautobiographical novel, Adolphe (1816, tr. 1959), is highly regarded for its style. Parts of his correspondence and journals have been published, the latter as Le Journal intime (1887-89) and Le Cahier rouge [the red notebook] (1907). The discovery of an unfinished novel, Cécile (1951; tr. 1953), has contributed to a new appreciation of Constant's literary merit.

Constant, Paul Henri Benjamin, baron d'Estournelles de: see Estournelles de Constant.

(born Oct. 25, 1767, Lausanne, Switz.—died Dec. 8, 1830, Paris, France) French-Swiss novelist and political writer. He had a tumultuous 12-year relationship with Germaine de Staël, whose views influenced him to support the French Revolution and subsequently to oppose Napoleon, for which he was exiled (1803–14). He later served in the Chamber of Deputies (1819–30). Adolphe (1816) was a forerunner of the modern psychological novel. Among his other works are the long historical analysis of religious feeling De la Religion, 5 vol. (1824–31) and his revealing journals (first complete publication, 1952).

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Châteauguay—Saint-Constant is a federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons since 2004. Its population in 2006 was 107,165.

Châteauguay—Saint-Constant was created in 2003 from Châteauguay riding, with the exception of a portion of Châteauguay that was transferred in Beauharnois—Salaberry and Saint-Jean ridings.

Geography

The district includes all of the Regional County Municipality of Rousillon including Kahnawake Indian Reserve No. 14, but excluding the cities of Candiac and La Prairie and the Municipality of Saint-Philippe in the east of the county municipality. The neighbouring ridings are Vaudreuil—Soulanges, Beauharnois—Salaberry, Brossard—La Prairie, LaSalle—Émard, Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Lachine, and Lac-Saint-Louis.

Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following Members of Parliament:

Parliament	Years	Member		Party
Châteauguay prior to 2003
38th	2004-2006		Denise Poirier-Rivard	Bloc Québécois
39th	2006-		Carole Freeman	Bloc Québécois

Election results

See also

• List of Canadian federal electoral districts
• Past Canadian electoral districts

External links

• Riding history from the Library of Parliament
• City of Chateauguay web site