Clive, Kitty (Catherine Raftor), 1711-85, English singer and actress. She made her debut (c.1728) at Drury Lane under the management of Colley Cibber and worked for many years with David Garrick, with whom she never got along. Her charm, wit, and vivacity, linked with a fine singing voice, brought her great success in light comedy and farce. She was a friend of Samuel Johnson; of Fielding, in whose plays and adaptations she appeared; and of Horace Walpole, who gave her a cottage, Clive's-Den, upon her retirement. There she held an informal salon and wrote several farces. She was painted by Hogarth.

Clive, Robert, Baron Clive of Plassey, 1725-74, British soldier and statesman. He went to India in 1743 as a clerk for the British East India Company and entered the military service of the company in 1744; he soon distinguished himself in the fighting against the French. Clive's brilliant capture of Arcot (1751) and the relief of the siege of Trichinopoly (1752) thwarted Dupleix, who had been on the verge of achieving French hegemony in S India. In 1757, Clive, then governor of Fort St. David near Madras (now Chennai), recovered Calcutta (now Kolkata) from the nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daula. Then, after defeating the nawab at Plassey, he replaced him with the more compliant Mir Jafar. Bengal thus passed under effective British control, and Clive became the first governor. His victories over the Dutch at Biderra (1759) consolidated the British position as the dominant European power in India. Returning (1760) to England, he was given an Irish peerage as Baron Clive of Plassey. As governor of Bengal again from 1765 to 1767, Clive greatly reduced corruption and inefficiency in a formerly disordered administration and reached a settlement with the states of Bihar and Orissa. But his assumption of the right to collect the revenues of those states involved the company in the complexities of wide territorial administration, which it was ill equipped to handle. This was one of the factors that eventually led the British government to assume responsibility for British rule in India. After his return to England, Clive was bitterly attacked by politicians and others and was accused by Parliament of peculation. He was acquitted (1773) after a long investigation, but, broken in health, he committed suicide.

Bell, Clive, 1881-1964, English critic of art and literature. He was a member of the Bloomsbury group. His works include Art (1914), Since Cézanne (1922), Landmarks in Nineteenth-Century Painting (1927), and Proust (1929). His wife, Vanessa (Stephen) Bell, 1879-1961, was a painter and the sister of Virginia Woolf.

(born Nov. 29, 1898, Belfast, Ire.—died Nov. 22, 1963, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Eng.) Irish-born British scholar and writer. Lewis taught first at Oxford (1925–54) and later at Cambridge (1954–63). An early volume, the critical Allegory of Love (1936) on medieval and Renaissance literature, is often considered his finest scholarly work. He became known in England and the U.S. for several series of BBC radio broadcasts during the war years on the subject of Christianity. Many of his books embrace Christian apologetics; the best known is The Screwtape Letters (1942), a satirical epistolary novel in which an experienced devil instructs his young charge in the art of temptation. Also well known are The Chronicles of Narnia (1950–56), a series of seven children's stories (including The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, 1950) that have become classics of fantasy; and a science-fiction trilogy, known mostly for its first volume, Out of the Silent Planet (1938).

Learn more about Lewis, C(live) S(taples) with a free trial on Britannica.com.

(born Sept. 16, 1881, East Shefford, Berkshire, Eng.—died Sept. 17, 1964, London) British art critic. He studied at Cambridge University and in Paris. In 1907 he married Vanessa Stephen, sister of Virginia Woolf; with Virginia's husband, Leonard Woolf, and Roger Fry, they formed the core of the Bloomsbury group. Bell's most important aesthetic ideas were published in Art (1914) and Since Cézanne (1922), in which he promoted his theory of “significant form” (the quality that distinguishes works of art from all other objects). His assertion that art appreciation involves an emotional response to purely formal qualities, independent of subject matter, was influential for several decades.

Learn more about Bell, (Arthur) Clive (Heward) with a free trial on Britannica.com.

Clive is a city located in Polk and Dallas counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. The population was 12,855 at the 2000 census, with an estimated 2006 population of 14,062. It is part of the Des Moines–West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

Clive was platted in 1882 but did not incorporate as a city until August 18, 1956. While the exact origin of the city's name is unknown, it is believed to have been named after Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive.

In its early days, Clive was a coal mining town and a railroad shipping point along the St. Louis-Des Moines Northern Railway. The railroad depot, which dates back from 1882, has been restored while the neighboring Swanson House, dating back from 1911, serves as the headquarters for the Clive Historical Society.

After incorporation in 1956, Clive has served as a mostly residential suburb of Des Moines, and the city has grown in both land area and population since then. Most of Clive's businesses are located along 86th Street, Hickman Road (which forms most of the boundary with Urbandale), and University Avenue (which forms the boundary with West Des Moines). Clive has been part of the West Des Moines School District since 1962; the portion of Clive that is in Dallas County is part of the Waukee School District.

Clive is known for the popular "Clive After Five" concerts that the local Jaycees have held at Linnan Park since 1985. The concerts are held on Fridays during the summer months.

Geography

Clive is located at (41.607870, -93.780933).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.3 square miles (19.0 km²), of which, 7.2 square miles (18.7 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km²) of it (1.50%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 12,855 people, 4,752 households, and 3,630 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,778.7 people per square mile (686.5/km²). There were 4,902 housing units at an average density of 678.3/sq mi (261.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 93.05% White, 1.24% African American, 0.08% Native American, 2.88% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.25% from other races, and 1.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.59% of the population.

There were 4,752 households out of which 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.9% were married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.6% were non-families. 18.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 2.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the city the population was spread out with 29.5% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 32.9% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 5.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $74,127, and the median income for a family was $90,863. Males had a median income of $59,444 versus $34,533 for females. The per capita income for the city was $40,053. About 1.6% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under age 18 and 1.6% of those age 65 or over.

References

External links

• Official City Website
• Chamber of Commerce
• Clive Historical Society