Chelmsford

[chelms-ferd, chelmz-]

Chelmsford, Frederic John Napier Thesiger, 3d Baron and 1st Viscount, 1868-1933, British colonial administrator. After serving as governor of Queensland and New South Wales in Australia (1905-13), he went to India, becoming viceroy in 1916. His regime was noteworthy for the Montagu-Chelmsford Report (1918), produced in collaboration with Edwin Montagu, secretary of state for India, which recommended a large measure of self-government for the Indians. The ensuing reforms were limited, however, dividing responsibility so as to make government difficult, and were opposed by Mohandas Gandhi. Before the reforms were implemented, growing disorders led to the massacre at Amritsar (1919). Chelmsford returned to England in 1921 and was created a viscount. He served as first lord of the admiralty in the Labour government of 1924.

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Chelmsford

Chelmsford, city (1991 pop. 91,109), county seat of Essex, SE England. It is a market center (especially for cattle) for the surrounding agricultural district. Manufactures include electrical equipment, radios, ball bearings, rope, and agricultural equipment. Other industries are milling and malting. A Roman town on this site was excavated in 1849. The first wireless telegraph broadcasting service began there in 1920.

The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright © 2004.
Licensed from Columbia University Press

Chelmsford

Chelmsford, town (1990 pop. 32,383), Middlesex co., NE Mass.; inc. 1655. Once a lumber and textile town, Chelmsford is largely residential with light industries.

The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright © 2004.
Licensed from Columbia University Press

Chelmsford

Cathedral of Saint Mary, Chelmsford, England.

Town and borough (pop., 2001: 157,053), county seat of Essex, southeastern England. It lies on the northeastern periphery of Greater London. There are remains of the Roman settlement of Caesaromagus. In 1227 Chelmsford became the regular seat of the county judicial gatherings known as assizes. The world's first wireless telegraph service was transmitted in 1920 from the local premises of Guglielmo Marconi's company. Light engineering, especially electronics, is important to the economy.

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Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.

Chelmsford, Massachusetts

Chelmsford is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts in the Greater Boston area. It is located 24 miles from Boston and, bordering on the City of Lowell, it is part of the Greater Lowell metropolitan area. Besides Lowell, Chelmsford is surrounded by five towns; Billerica, Westford, Carlisle, Tyngsboro, and Tewksbury. The border with Tewksbury is a geographical technicality since it is a point in the middle of the Concord River along with Lowell and Billerica. The population was 33,858 at the 2000 census. In 2007, Chelmsford was declared the 21st best place to live in the USA according to Money Magazine.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 23.2 square miles (60.0 km²), of which, 22.6 square miles (58.7 km²) of it is land and 0.5 square miles (1.4 km²) of it (2.29%) is water.

Chelmsford is bordered by two sizable rivers, the Merrimack River to the north, and the Concord River to the east

Chelmsford has a number of neighborhoods. In addition to the town center, smaller areas include South Chelmsford, West Chelmsford, East Chelmsford, North Chelmsford and The Westlands. North Chelmsford, an industrial village, is quite distinct from the rest of the town to the extent that it has many of its own town services.

In general, the northern parts of Chelmsford tend to be more urban and densely populated, while the south is more rural.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 33,858 people, 12,812 households, and 9,301 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,495.0 people per square mile (577.2/km²). There were 13,025 housing units at an average density of 575.1/sq mi (222.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 93.09% White, 0.79% African American, 0.07% Native American, 4.62% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.52% from other races, and 0.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.23% of the population.

There were 12,812 households out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the town the population was spread out with 25.0% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $70,207, and the median income for a family was $82,676. Males had a median income of $56,493 versus $38,927 for females. The per capita income for the town was $30,465. About 2.0% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over.

History

Settlers from the adjacent communities of Woburn and Concord founded Chelmsford. An act of the Massachusetts General Court in the last week of May 1655 town incorporated Chelmsford, and it was named after Chelmsford, England. The nearby communities of Groton and Billerica were incorporated at the same time. Chelmsford originally contained the neighboring town of Westford, and parts of Carlisle, Tyngsboro, and a large part of Lowell (formerly known as East Chelmsford). In 2005, the town celebrated its 350th anniversary. The town motto is "Let the children guard what the sires have won."

The Chelmsford militia played a role in the American Revolution at the Battle of Lexington and Concord and the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775, the latter where Colonel Moses Parker (namesake of the Parker School) and Captain Benjamin Walker of this town were killed. Capt John Ford is known to have killed 5 redcoats at Concord and led the Chelmsford company of the Massachusetts Line for the duration of the war.

Ralph Waldo Emerson opened a school in Chelmsford in 1825, closing it after a few months to take over his brother's school in Roxbury.

Chelmsford, Massachusetts was the birthplace of the Chelmsford Spring Co. in 1901, which later became the Chelmsford Ginger Ale Company, acquired by Canada Dry in 1928. The ginger ale plant, rebuilt in 1912 after a disastrous fire consumed the original plant, stood on Route 110 until its demolition in 1994. The Chelmsford brand of golden ginger ale continued to be manufactured by Canada Dry for decades. Currently, it is manufactured today by Polar Beverages for DeMoulas' Market Basket Supermarkets, based out of neighboring Tewksbury.

Government

The town uses a representative town meeting model with a Board of Selectmen overseeing the operation of the town. Reporting to the Board of Selectmen are the Town’s Manager, Counsel, and Accountant. The Town Manager, until recently Bernard Lynch, who has left to become the City Manager of Lowell, oversees the public employees and serves as Chief Executive Officer. The current Town Manager is Paul Cohen. Other elected boards include: Planning Board, School Committee, Library Trustees, Cemetery Commission, Board of Health, Sewer Commission and the Zoning Board of Appeals.

Education

Chelmsford Public School District consists of one high school, two middle schools, one charter middle school, one charter high school, and five elementary schools.
Chelmsford High School, "CHS," is in North Chelmsford.
Nashoba Valley Technical High School - Public Regional Vocational Technical High School located in Westford.
C. Edith McCarthy Middle School.
Lt Colonel Moses Parker Middle School.
Murdoch Middle Public Charter School (relocating to Tyngsboro in 2008).
Innovation Academy Charter School (a offshoot of the Murdoch that currently services grade 9 students) is located at the old town hall.
Byam Elementary School.
Center Elementary School (closed for many years in the 80s-90s {circa}) reopened to students in fall of 1999.
Harrington Elementary School is located in North Chelmsford.
South Row Elementary School.
Westlands Elementary School (closing as an elementary school in 2008 due to budget cuts).

Transportation

Chelmsford is located at the intersection of the major US highways of I-495 and Route 3. Also found in Chelmsford are state routes 3A, 4, 27, 40, 110, and 129.

Chelmsford Center is a notorious junction of roadways. The heart of the town center is Central Square - the junction of routes 4, 110, the end of 129, and Westford Street. The Square is affectionately known as 'Chicken Corner' to locals. The nickname is because until the 21st century, because lights were seen as non-'historic', crossing the acre of pavement with no controls save a few stop signs was akin to a game of Chicken. Drivers would wait in long lines of cars to enter the square, where they often would invent their own lanes, waiting for a relatively safe chance to cross. In 2004, the town was forced to put in stoplights and lane markers. They were necessary to control the traffic-clogged center. In addition to the Square, Chelmsford Center is a series of merging and splitting roads, many one-way, including the beginning of route 27.

Chelmsford is also home to the former Drum Hill Rotary. This rotary was the cause of many accidents that occurred due to its overall size and ability for vehicles to gain speed. It formed the intersection of U.S. Route 3 (exit 32), Route 4, Drum Hill Road, and Old Westford Road.The rotary was demolished in 2003. It was replaced with a four intersection square with traffic lights, and is now called Drum Hill Square. This was part of a widening project for U.S. Highway 3 between Interstate 95 (Route 128) and the New Hampshire state line.

Freight travels daily through Chelmsford over the tracks of the historic Stony Brook Railroad. The line currently serves as a major corridor of Pan Am Railway's District 3 which connects New Hampshire and Maine with western Massachusetts, Vermont, and New York.

The Massachusetts Highway Department is currently constructing the Bruce N. Freeman Bike Path, running 6.8 miles through Chelmsford, including the Central Square intersection. The Bike Path will also run through part of Westford, Massachusetts. Groundbreaking for the Bike Path was held on October 9 2007 after more than 20 years of planning and design.

North Chelmsford will also host a Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority commuter rail station if the proposed extension of the Lowell Line to Nashua, New Hampshire is completed.

Notable residents

Mark Eshbaugh, artist, author and musician. Eshbaugh grew up in Chelmsford and graduated from Chelmsford High School. He is the author of several books including a text on alternative photographic processes and monographs of his images.

Lance Wilder, the background design supervisor for The Simpsons, was born in Lowell, Massachusetts on May 7, 1968 and raised in Chelmsford. Lance graduated from Chelmsford High School in 1986. The elementary school appearing in The Simpsons is based on McCarthy Middle School, which was Chelmsford's high school before the construction of the current Chelmsford High School in 1974. The town hall in the show is based on the Chelmsford Public Library (prior to the recent reconstruction). Many other local businesses and stores in Chelmsford find their way into the background in The Simpsons' hometown of Springfield, including Zesty Pizza, Skip's Restaurant, and the now defunct Skip's Ice Cream, Tony and Ann's Pizza, and Jack's Diner.
Benjamin Pierce, Governor of New Hampshire and the father of U.S. president Franklin Pierce, was born in Chelmsford, Massachusetts in 1757.
Josiah Gardner Abbott, (1814-1891), born in Chelmsford, was a member of the United States House of Representatives, the Massachusetts House of Representatives and the Massachusetts Senate.
Nathan Peabody Ames (1803-1847), manufacturer of swords and other cutlery for military use, was born in Chelmsford,
Ulysses John "Tony" Lupien, Major League Baseball player and the baseball coach at Dartmouth College for 21 seasons, was born in Chelmsford in 1917.
Kristen Wilson, an actress appearing in several films.
Gerry Callahan, Popular albeit controversial Boston Herald and former Sports Illustrated sports columnist and co-host of WEEI's Dennis and Callahan, the popular sports radio morning program based in Boston. Played on Chelmsford High School's first ever "Super Bowl" team in 1978. Many consider him the reason Chelmsford lost the game for he drew a penalty on a touchdown play resulting in Chelmsford High School's loss. This play led to the nickname Gerry "The Clipper" Callahan, which people often call up and mention on his radio show.
Dan Curran, a fullback/linebacker for the Arena Football League's New Orleans VooDoo.
Phil Bourque, NHL Veteran, 2 Stanley Cups with the Pittsburgh Penguins.
Jon Morris, NHL Veteran, New Jersey Devils
Keith Aucoin, Current NHL Player, Washington Capitals
Peter Torkildsen, Chairman of the Massachusetts Republican Party and former two-term Congressman in Massachusetts' 6th District, from 1993 to 1997.