Chaman is home to a significant population of refugees which has helped Chaman grow considerably over the years. The Afghan Refugees originally fled the civil war and the Soviet Union's invasion in 1979.
Chamman has a major railway station which accommodates passengers coming from Kandahar in Afghanistan. A slow passenger train runs between Quetta and Chaman on some days of the week. In 2008, it was proposed to extend this railway northwards through Afghanistan to central Asia.
The town is also home to a football (soccer) club - Afghan FC, which plays in the Pakistan Premier League. Two players from this team are playing for the Pakistan national football team, including the captain, Muhammad Essa.