Carrier Air Wing Six (CVW-6) was a United States Navy aircraft carrier air wing whose operational history spans from the years prior to World War II to the end of the Cold War, including participating in the Battle of Midway, the Battle of the Eastern Solomons, and the Vietnam War. It was based on 15 different carriers during its lifetime.
When the unit was named "Air Group Six" during its time on the Enterprise, it was the Navy’s only carrier-based air group to carry out three complete tours of duty during World War II.
This air group was embarked on board the Yorktown-class aircraft carrier at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
1942 was a critical period for the United States Navy, as they were forced to face the Japanese offensive in the Pacific War with the USS Enterprise and its air group being the only operational carrier in the Pacific due to battle losses. The Enterprise’s air group launched air strikes against Japanese shipping and military installations on Marshall and Gilbert island groups on 1 February 1942, followed by air raids on Wake Island on 24 February and Marcus Island on 4 March. Enterprise’s air group provided air cover for the Task Force 16 which launched the Doolittle Raid from the carrier on 18 April. This mission prevented Enterprise and Hornet from participating in the Battle of Coral Sea which saw the sunk and the heavily damaged.
The Battle of Midway was the climatic naval battle in 1942, with the Enterprise’s air group sinking the Japanese carriers Kaga and Akagi and contributed to the sinking of Hiryū. Torpedo Six (VT-6) lost ten TBD-1, Bombing Six (VB-6) lost eleven SBD-3, Scouting Six (VS-6) lost nine SBD-3, and Fighting Six (VF-6) lost a F4F-4. The Enterprise Air Group also participated in the Battle of the Eastern Solomons on 24 August 1942, which was a strategic and tactical victory that blunted the Japanese counteroffensive during Guadalcanal Campaign although the Enterprise sustained heavy damage. After returning to Pearl Harbor, the Enterprise Air Group was disbanded, and starting in September 1942, all U.S. Navy carrier air groups would be numbered.
| Aircraft Carrier | Deployment Duration | Operational Area | Operating Force |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 December 1941 – 10 March 1942 | Pearl Harbor; Marshall, Wake and Marcus Islands | Task Force 16 | |
| 8 – 26 April 1942 | Doolittle Raid | Task Force 16 | |
| 30 April – 26 May 1942 | Efate Island | Task Force 16 | |
| 28 May – 13 June 1942 | Battle of Midway | Task Force 16 | |
| USS Enterprise (CV-6) | 15 July – 25 August 1942 | Guadalcanal, Battle of the Eastern Solomons | Task Force 16 |
Air Group Six then embarked onboard the new Essex-class aircraft carrier to provide air support for the amphibious landings on Kwajalein Atoll from 31 January to 3 February 1944. They also participated in a massive air strike against the Japanese naval base at Truk. The air group destroyed fifty-five enemy planes (twelve in the air and forty-two on the ground) as well as sinking five Japanese ships. Nine planes were lost, with nine pilots and four crewmen dead or missing.
On 9 March 1945, Air Group Six switched to the new Essex-class aircraft carrier and carried out air strikes against Kyūshū airfields, southwestern Honshū, and shipping in the Inland Sea of Japan on 18 March. From 23 march to 27 March, they struck the Nansei-shoto islands. Their last strikes in March came on the 31st, when they hit Minami Daito Jima and Kyushu.
Air Group Six subsequently provided air support for the U.S invasion of Okinawa beginning on 1 April until a suicide plane hit the Hancock on 7 April. This forced the carrier off the battle line for repairs. Hancock and Air Group Six returned to action on 13 June and remained at sea until the end of World War II.
| Aircraft Carrier | Deployment Duration | Operational Area | Operating Force |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 November – 9 December 1943 | Operation Galvanic | Task Force 50 | |
| 3 December 1943 – 22 March1944 | Operation Flintlock; Operation Hailstone | Task Force 58 | |
| 9 March – 11 April 1945 | Operation Iceberg | Task Force 58 | |
| 13 June – 20 June 1945 | Wake Island | ComAirPac | |
| 1 July – 15 August 1945 | Air raids on Japan | Task Force 38 | |
| Aircraft Carrier | Deployment Duration | Operational Area | Operating Force |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24 Jan 1947 - 18 Mar 1947 | South Atlantic | Shakedown cruise | |
| 19 Jan 1948 – 5 Apr 1948 | South Atlantic | Shakedown cruise | |
Carrier Air Group Six flew onboard the Navy's first nuclear-powered aicrat carrier, the recently commissioned , on 22 June 1962. CVG-6 participated with the in LantFlex 2-62, a nuclear strike exercise from 6 – 12 July, providing eight “pre-planned” strikes and six call strikes while operating off the Virginia capes, against targets ranging from the Tidewater area to central Florida. The air group also participated iin RipTide III from 3 – 5 August, which involved long-range simulated nuclear strikes against targets off the Portuguese and Spanish coasts, including 14 strikes and nine call strikes, all opposed.
Carrier Air Group Six embarked onboard the Enterprise during its first deployment to the Mediterranean, passing the Rock of Gibraltar on 16 August 1962. CVG-6 participated n Lafayette II, 7 September, which involved 14 scheduled conventional strikes coordinated with aircraft from against multiple targets in southern France, with opposition provided by French air force and naval aircraft. The air group was involved in Indian Summer from 7–8 September, comprising three long-range, simulated nuclear strikes, with fighter escort by F-4Bs from VF-102, against Spanish targets defended by USAF and Spanish commands assigned to NATO. Carrier Air Group Six also provided air support during FallEx/High Heels II from 6–20 September, as well as Fall Trap from 23–27 September, which was a NATO amphibious exercise. Enterprise arrived back at Norfolk Naval Station on 11 October 1962.
Carrier Air Group Six subsequently participated in the naval operations during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 as part of Task Force 135, a two-carrier strike force consisting of CAG-6's home carrier, the Enterprise, and the supercarrier , operating south of the Windward Passage, between Cuba and the island of Hispaniola and southward, in the vicinity of Latitude 18ºN, Longitude 74º30”W. CAG-6 was augmented with ten addtional A4D-4N Skyhawks of Attack Squadron 34 (VA-34) during the night of 26 - 27 October 1962. For its participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis, Carrier Air Groups Six received the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal.
| Aircraft Carrier | Deployment Duration | Operational Area | Operating Force |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27 Oct 1949 – 23 Nov 1949 | North Atlantic | U.S. Second Task Fleet | |
| 10 Jan 1951 – 18 May 1951 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 9 Jan 1952 – 5 May 1952 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 26 Aug 1952 – 8 Oct 1952 | Operation Mainbrace | SACLANT | |
| 1 Dec 1952 – 19 May 1953 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 9 Jan 1954 – 4 Aug 1954 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| USS Lake Champlain (CVA-39) | 9 Oct 1955 – 3 Apr 1956 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet |
| 3 Sep 1957 – 22 Oct 1957 | Operation Strikeback | SACLANT | |
| 13 Feb 1959 – 20 Aug 1959 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 4 Aug 1960 – 17 Feb 1961 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 3 Aug 1961 – 1 Mar 1962 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 3 Aug 1962 – 11 Oct 1962 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| Oct.19, 1962 – Dec.6, 1962 | Caribbean | Task Force 135 | |
| 6 Feb 1963 – 4 Sep 1963 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
CVW-6 embarked on the new supercarrier for its 1965 shakedown cruise, and during that ship's second deployment to the Mediterranean Sea, CVW-6 was operating with the U.S. Sixth Fleet when the Six Day War broke out between Israel and its Arab neighbors on 5 June 1967. America's escorting destroyers detected an unknown submarine contact on 7 June, and a Sikorsky SH-3A Sea King from Helicopter Antisubmarine Squadron (HS-9) assisted in tracking this contact. CVW-6 aircraft provided air cover for the stricken , which had been attacked by Israeli military forces, and it also dispatched two helicopters to evacuate the seriously injured to the America.
Carrier Air Group Six made its only combat deployment in 1968 upon the America. During this deployment, CVW-6 spent a total of 112 days at Yankee Station, attacking roads, waterways, trucks, bridges, as well as lighters, barges, and other logistical support watercraft. They also attacked petroleum storage areas, truck parks, and cave storage areas to impede the flow of men and war materials to the south during the Tet Offensive. On 10 July 1968, Lt. Roy Cash, Jr. (pilot) and Lt. (j.g.) Joseph E. Kain, Jr. (radar intercept officer), flying in an F-4J Phantom from Fighter Squadron 33 (VF-33), downed a MiG-21 about 17 miles (27.4 km) northwest of Vinh, North Vietnam. This was the first MiG "kill" in the Vietnam War for CVW-6. America and Carrier Air Wing Six were awarded the Navy Unit Commendation for this deployment.
CVW-6 then left the America for another carrier, the . This carrier, along with and , stood by to execute the possible evacuation of foreign civilians during the Yom Kippur War in October 1973. CVW-6 provided air cover during the 1985 invasion of Grenada (Operation Urgent Fury) while embarked onboard the . During that ship's subsequent deployment to the Mediterranean Sea, CVW-6 conducted air strikes against Syrian positions that were attacking U.S. Marine positions in Lebanon. Carrier Air Group Six received the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal for Operation Urgent Fury.
Beginning in 1986, Carrier Air Wing Six embarked onboard the . It participated in a joint U.S.-Egyptian training exercise (Operation Sea Wind) and Display Determination '86, which featured low-level coordinated strikes and air combat maneuvering training over Turkey. CVW-6 subsequently participated in Ocean Safari '87, a six-week cruise in the North Atlantic which was highlighted by operations with NATO forces posing as aggressors lurking in Norwegian fjords. A year later, the air wing participated in Ocean Venture ’88 in the Gulf of Mexico and then provided air support for Operation Earnest Will.
During its final overseas deployment, CVW-6 participated in three multi-lateral exercises (Harmonie Sud Est, Iles D’Or, and Display Determination ‘91), and also provided air support for Operation Provide Comfort. Carrier Air Group Six received the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal for Provide Comfort. (see Table 5 below).
| Aircraft Carrier | Deployment Duration | Operational Area | Operating Force |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 Feb 1964 – 31 Jul 1964 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 31 Jul 1964 – 3 Oct 1964 | Operation Sea Orbit | Task Force One | |
| 1 May 1965 – 1 Jul 1965 | South Atlantic/Caribbean | Shakedown cruise | |
| 29 Nov 1965 – 10 Jul 1966 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 10 Jan 1967 – 20 Sep 1967 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 10 Apr 1968 – 16 Dec 1968 | Yankee Station | Task Force 77 | |
| 2 Jan 1970 – 27 Jul 1970 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 29 Jan 1971 – 18 Jul 1971 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 15 Feb 1972 – 11 Dec 1972 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 14 Sep 1973 – 17 Mar 1974 | Mediterranean/Operation Nickel Grass | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 3 Jan 1975 – 16 Jul 1975 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 15 Apr 1976 – 25 Oct 1976 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 10 Jun 1977 – 19 Jul 1977 | South Atlantic | Task Group 20.4 | |
| 25 Sep 1977 – 25 Apr 1978 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 28 Jun 1979 – 14 Dec 1979 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 19 Nov 1980 – 10 Jun 1981 | Mediterranean/Indian Ocean | COMUSNAVEUR | |
| 7 Jun 1982 – 21 Dec 1982 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 25 Oct 1984 – 2 Nov 1984 | Operation Urgent Fury | U.S. Second Fleet | |
| 18 Oct 1983 – 11 Apr 1984 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 16 Oct 1984 – 19 Feb 1985 | Mediterranean/Indian Ocean | COMUSNAVEUR | |
| 4 Jun 1986 – 10 Nov 1986 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 28 Aug 1987 – 8 Oct 1987 | Ocean Safari '87 | SACLANT | |
| 25 Apr 1988 – 7 Oct 1988 | Mediterranean/Indian Ocean | NAVCENT | |
| 4 Nov 1989 – 12 Apr 1990 | Mediterranean | U.S. Sixth Fleet | |
| 30 May 1991 - 21 Dec 1991 | Operation Provide Comfort | NAVCENT | |
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For consistently outstanding performance and distinguished achievement during repeated action against enemy Japanese forces in the Pacific war area, December 7, 1941, to November 15, 1942. Participating in nearly every major carrier engagement in the first year of the war, the Enterprise and her air group, exclusive of far-flung destruction of hostile shore installations throughout the battle area, did sink or damage on her own a total of 35 Japanese vessels and shoot down a total of 185 Japanese aircraft. Her aggressive spirit and superb combat efficiency are fitting tribute to the officers and men who so gallantly established her as an ahead bulwark in the defense of the American nation.