He began his career at home town club Westend Juniors before moving on to Huddersfield Town as a junior, then moved on to Middlesbrough, where he was released before gaining a contract at Cardiff City. He also spent time as a junior at Grimsby Town and Sheffield Wednesday.
Described by the BBC as "one of Cardiff's rising stars", Jerome scored seven goals in 32 appearances in the 2004–05 season, and was in a good run of form in the 2005–06 season, finishing top scorer for Cardiff with 20 goals. Due to his hot form this ended him up by eventually signing for second-city club Birmingham City. The move not only benefited Jerome but also helped Cardiff as they used the money to sign Michael Chopra, Stephen McPhail and Glenn Loovens.
Jerome has appeared for England's under-21 team, for whom he is eligible until the end of the 2009 European Under-21 Football Championship.
Jerome appeared in an April 2005 FourFourTwo article which heralded the Yorkshire forward as the eighth best player in the Football League.
Cameron Jerome signed for Birmingham City after passing a medical on May 31, 2006. It is thought the transfer fee could total up to £3.5 million dependent on Birmingham's future success. Sheffield United, West Bromwich Albion and Norwich City were also said to be interested. He netted his first league goal for Birmingham City against QPR at Loftus Road on September 12, 2006.
Jerome scored his first Premier League goal after 32 seconds of the away match against Derby County on August 25, 2007; his second goal of that game confirmed Birmingham's first win of the 2007–08 season.