Callistratus, d. c.360 B.C., Athenian statesman and orator. Believing Thebes to be more dangerous to Athens than Sparta, he favored a peace with Sparta. He and Callias in 371 B.C. were the delegates to negotiations on an ineffective peace treaty. His failure to check Thebes led to his impeachment in 366 B.C., but he saved himself with his brilliant defense—an oration that is supposed to have inspired Demosthenes to study rhetoric. After new failure he fled Athens and was condemned in absentia for having urged Athens to allow Thebes to occupy Oropus in Boetia. When he returned he was put to death.

Callistratus may refer to:

• Callistratus (grammarian)
• Callistratus (jurist), Roman legal writer
• Callistratus (sophist)
• Callistratus of Aphidnae, Athenian politician
• Callistratus, an Athenian poet, only known as the author of a hymn in honor of Harmodius and Aristogeiton
• Callistratus, the producer of Aristophanes' comedies Banqueters, Babylonians and Acharnians (and his collaborator in the production of Birds, Lysistrata, and Frogs)
• Domitius Callistratus, a historian of perhaps the 1st century BC, author of local histories of Heraclea Pontica and Samothrace
• Callistratus, a saint of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches who is said to have inspired forty-nine soldiers to Christian martyrdom in Carthage in the 4th century AD