Caleb Thomas Winchester (1847-1920) was an American English scholar, born in Montville, Connecticut. He graduated in 1869 from Wesleyan University, where he was librarian until 1873 and thereafter professor of English literature. During 1880-81 he studied in Leipzig, Germany. Besides serving on the deliberative assembly which revised The Methodist Hymnal, he published:

• Five Short Courses of Reading in English Literature (1892; third edition, revised, 1911)
• Some Principles of Literary Criticism (1899)
• Life of John Wesley (1906)
• A Group of English Essayists (1910)
• Representative English Essays (1914)