Buxton

Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell, 1786-1845, British social reformer. As a member of Parliament (1818-37) he began his reform activities immediately with the publication of An Inquiry Whether Crime and Misery Are Produced or Prevented by Our Present System of Prison Discipline; this work led to the establishment of the Society for the Reformation of Prison Discipline. An abolitionist, Buxton succeeded William Wilberforce as leader of the antislavery group. His efforts resulted in the passage of an act (1833) abolishing slavery in the British colonies. He wrote The African Slave Trade (1839) and The Remedy (1840, 2d ed. 1967).

Buxton, town (1991 pop. 19,502), Derbyshire, central England, on the Wye River in Peak District National Park. It is c.1,000 ft (305 m) high; the "old town" is on a hill above it. Limestone is quarried, but Buxton is primarily a year-round resort, with mineral springs and baths.

Buxton is a town in York County, Maine, USA. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 7,452. Buxton includes the villages of Salmon Falls, Chicopee, Groveville, Bar Mills, West Buxton and Buxton Center.

History

The township was granted by the Massachusetts General Court as Narragansett Number 1 in 1728. It was assigned to Philemon Dane of Ipswich, Massachusetts and 119 other veterans (or their heirs) who had fought in King Philip's War against the Narragansett Indians in 1675. Settlement was attempted in the early 1740s but abandoned because of the ongoing French and Indian Wars. The first permanent settlement commenced in fall of 1750 near Salmon Falls, which was within protection of the stockaded blockhouse and trading post built in 1728 a half mile below Union Falls in present-day Dayton. The first schoolhouse was established in 1761 by Rev. Silas Moody. Narragansett Number 1 was incorporated in 1772 as Buxton, named by its minister, Rev. Paul Coffin, for his former town of Buxton in Norfolk, England.

Settlers found the land generally level and suited for farming. Chief crops were corn, potatoes and hay. Buxton also provided excellent water power sites. The first sawmill was on the Little River, a tributary of the Presumpscot River. A gristmill called Bog Mill was built at the outlet of Bonny Eagle Pond. The biggest mills, however, were located at the series of falls on the Saco River. Salmon Falls had sawmills capable of turning out 4 million feet of lumber annually. Bar Mills had gristmills and a box mill. Moderation Falls in West Buxton had sawmills, heading mills and woolen textile mills which produced about 936,000 yards of cloth annually. Buxton's mill town prosperity left behind fine architecture. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places are Elden's Store, the First Congregational Church, Royal Brewster House and Salmon Falls (East) Historic District.

Notable residents

• John Brewster Jr., artist
• Mark H. Dunnell, congressman
• Alanson M. Kimball, congressman
• Gibeon Bradbury, painter
• Julia Spencer-Fleming, author
• Robert A. Yarumian II, professional land surveyor

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 41.2 square miles (106.7 km²), of which, 40.5 square miles (104.9 km²) of it is land and 0.7 square miles (1.8 km²) of it is water. The total area is 1.70% water. Buxton is drained by Little River and the Saco River. Bonny Eagle Pond is a body of water located in the northern part of the town.

Buxton borders the towns of Gorham to the northeast, Scarborough and Saco to the southeast, Dayton to the south, Hollis to the west and Standish to the northwest.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 7,452 people, 2,804 households, and 2,094 families residing in the town. The population density was 184.0 people per square mile (71.1/km²). There were 2,930 housing units at an average density of 72.4/sq mi (27.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.83% White, 0.42% African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.55% of the population.

There were 2,804 households out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.6% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.3% were non-families. 18.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the town the population was spread out with 25.1% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 33.1% from 25 to 44, 25.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $48,958, and the median income for a family was $52,845. Males had a median income of $35,628 versus $27,400 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,179. About 3.2% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.1% of those under age 18 and 16.5% of those age 65 or over.

Sites of interest

• Buxton-Hollis Historical Society & Museum
• Tory Hill Meeting House (1822)

References

External links

• Town of Buxton, Maine
• Berry Library
• West Buxton Public Library
• Dorcas Society of Hollis & Buxton, Maine
• Buxton at Maine.gov
• City Data Profile
• Epodunk Town Profile
• History of Buxton, Maine (1886)