Noosphere

In the thought of Vladimir Vernadsky and Teilhard de Chardin, the noosphere (sometimes spelled noösphere) can be seen as the "sphere of human thought" being derived from the Greek νούς ("nous") meaning "mind" + σφαίρα (sfaira) meaning "sphere", in the style of "atmosphere" and "biosphere." In the original theory of Vernadsky, the noosphere is the third in a succession of phases of development of the Earth, after the geosphere (inanimate matter) and the biosphere (biological life). Just as the emergence of life fundamentally transformed the geosphere, the emergence of human cognition fundamentally transforms the biosphere. In contrast to the conceptions of the Gaia theorists, or the promoters of cyberspace, Vernadsky's noosphere emerges at the point where humankind, through the mastery of nuclear processes, begins to create resources through the transmutation of elements.

For Teilhard, the noosphere is best described as a sort of 'collective consciousness' of human-beings. It emerges from the interaction of human minds. The noosphere has grown in step with the organization of the human mass in relation to itself as it populates the earth. As mankind organizes itself in more complex social networks, the higher the noosphere will grow in awareness. This is an extension of Teilhard's Law of Complexity/Consciousness, the law describing the nature of evolution in the universe. Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, added that the noosphere is growing towards an even greater integration and unification, culminating in the Omega Point—which he saw as the goal of history.

The noosphere concept of 'unification' was elaborated in popular science fiction by Julian May in the Galactic Milieu Series. It is also the reason Teilhard is often called the patron saint of the Internet

History of concept

One of the original aspects of the noosphere concept deals with evolution. Henri Bergson (1907) was one of the first to propose that evolution is 'creative' and cannot necessarily be explained solely by Darwinian natural selection. L'évolution créatrice is upheld, according to Bergson, by a constant vital force that animates life and fundamentally connects mind and body, an idea opposing the dualism of René Descartes. In 1923, C. Lloyd Morgan took this work further, elaborating on an 'emergent evolution' that could explain increasing complexity (including the evolution of mind). Morgan found that many of the most interesting changes in living things have been largely discontinuous with past evolution, and therefore did not necessarily take place through a gradual process of natural selection. Rather, evolution experiences jumps in complexity (such as the emergence of a self-reflective universe, or noosphere). Finally, the complexification of human cultures, particularly language, facilitated a quickening of evolution in which cultural evolution occurs more rapidly than biological evolution. Recent understanding of human ecosystems and of human impact on the biosphere have led to a link between the notion of sustainability with the "co-evolution" [Norgaard, 1994] and harmonization of cultural and biological evolution.

The resulting political system has been referred to as a noocracy.

American integral theorist Ken Wilber deals with this third evolution of the noosphere. In his work, Sex, Ecology, Spirituality (1995), he builds many of his arguments on the emergence of the noosphere and the continued emergence of further evolutionary structures.

U.S. politician Lyndon LaRouche and his political organization have published many articles, pamphlets, and short books pertaining to their views of the importance of the noosphere in human development.

History of this expression:

• Henri Bergson's L'évolution créatrice (1907)
• E. LeRoy's Les origines humaines et l'évolution de l'intelligence (1928)
• Vladimir I. Vernadsky (1863-1945)
• Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881-1955)
• David Ronfeldt and John Arquilla

Other uses

The software used at PlanetMath is named "Noösphere".

Ambient dance group The Orb, in the track 'O.O.B.E.' from the album U.F.Orb, use a sample from the reading of New Pathways to Psychology by Colin Wilson, who discusses the concept of the Noösphere.

The subject of the Noosphere is also mentioned in the game S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl and S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Clear Sky.

See also

Topics

• Bionics
• Collective unconscious
• Emergy Synthesis
• Global Consciousness Project
• Global brain
• Ideosphere
• Infosphere
• Memetics
• Noetic
• Noocracy
• Novelty theory
• Semiosphere
• Technological singularity
• Universal evolution

People

• Stewart Brand
• Richard Maurice Bucke
• Manuel DeLanda
• Gilles Deleuze
• Buckminster Fuller
• Gerald Heard
• Hazel Henderson
• Jean Houston
• Carl Jung
• Lewis Mumford
• Mordekhay Nesiyahu
• Ken Wilber
• Arthur M. Young
• Teilhard de Chardin

Media

• Blood Music (science fiction novel about "noocytes")
• Human Instrumentality Project, a fictional concept in Neon Genesis Evangelion
• Serial Experiments Lain
• Japanese Cyberpunk Anime series: Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex 2nd GIG
• S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl

References

External links

• http://noosphere.cc/
• http://www.lawoftime.org/GRI/GRI.html# The Place of the Noosphere in Cosmic Evolution (pdf)
• http://noosphere.princeton.edu/ Global Consciousness project at Princeton
• http://transhumanism.org/index.php/WTA/declaration/
• http://www.odeo.com/channel/105280 "Just Say Yes to the Noosphere", a Podcast from Stanford Law School
• Omega Point Institute Noosphere, Global Thought, Future Studies
• Noosphere and Homo Noeticus