It borders the province of Sondrio to the north, the province of Brescia to the east, the province of Cremona to the south and the provinces of Milan and Lecco to the west. The northern part is made up of the Orobian Alps with the highest point at 3,052 m (Mt. Coca). Its valleys include Val Seriana and Brembana. The southern part is mainly made up of flatlands.
Its rivers include the Serio, the Brembo and the Adda at the southwestern boundary.
In the east, Lake Iseo forms its boundary which the Oglio from the Camonica Valley flows through. Minerals are founded in the area of Trescore Balneario and San Pellegrino (the source of the mineral water of the same name) and other places.
As of May 31, 2005
, the main comuni by population are:
| Comune | Population |
|---|---|
| Bergamo | 116,981 |
| Treviglio | 27,226 |
| Dalmine | 22,312 |
| Seriate | 21,788 |
| Albino | 17,449 |
| Romano di Lombardia | 16,844 |
| Caravaggio | 14,960 |
| Alzano Lombardo | 12,828 |
| Stezzano | 11,324 |
| Nembro | 11,216 |
| Osio Sotto | 11,137 |
| Ponte San Pietro | 10,389 |
| Cologno al Serio | 10,087 |
The low lying areas are rich in pastures along with corn, wine, grain, rice and flax that are cultivated. Hunting is common. Very common is also the breeding of poultry, pigs with modern techniques, and the traditional sheep herding.
The province of Bergamo economy is based on SMEs, so it is not easy to speak of main activities as very varied products are made. The main heavy industries of the province of Bergamo are mineral processing, especially iron,concrete and marble. There is also a large tractor plant, in Treviglio, and a large pipe plant, in Dalmine Silks, metallurgical products and clothing are also common. Bergamo masons and assemblers are very famous for their ability and dedication to work.
As the end of 2006 the province of Bergamo host 92000 immigrants from country outside the European union.
About 15000 of them came from Bolivia especially the city of Cochabamba due to the strong relations of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bergamo and the Archidiocese of Cochabamba. also
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