Events

• 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem.
• 1539 - Council of Trent: Paul III sends out letters to his bishops, delaying the Council due to war and the difficulty bishops had traveling to Venice.
• 1619 - Thirty Years' War: Battle of Záblatí, a turning point in the Bohemian Revolt.
• 1692 - Salem witch trials: Bridget Bishop is hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem, Massachusetts, for "certaine Detestable Arts called Witchcraft & Sorceries".
• 1719 - Jacobite Rising: Battle of Glen Shiel.
• 1770 - Captain James Cook runs aground on the Great Barrier Reef.
• 1786 - A landslide dam on the Dadu River created by an earthquake ten days earlier collapses, killing 100,000 in the Sichuan province of China.
• 1793 - The Jardin des Plantes museum opens in Paris. A year later, it becomes the first public zoo.
• 1793 - French Revolution: Following the arrests of Girondin leaders the Jacobins gain control of the Committee of Public Safety installing the revolutionary dictatorship.
• 1805 - First Barbary War: Yussif Karamanli signs a treaty ending hostilities with the United States.
• 1829 - The first Boat Race between the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge takes place.
• 1838 - Myall Creek Massacre in Australia: 28 Aboriginal Australians are murdered.
• 1854 - The first class of the United States Naval Academy students graduate.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Brice's Crossroads – Confederate troops under Nathan Bedford Forrest defeat a much larger Union force led by General Samuel D. Sturgis in Mississippi.
• 1871 - Sinmiyangyo: Captain McLane Tilton leads 109 Marines in naval attack on Han River forts on Kanghwa Island, Korea.
• 1886 - Mount Tarawera in New Zealand erupts, killing 153 people and destroying the famous Pink and White Terraces.
• 1898 - Spanish-American War: U.S. Marines land on the island of Cuba.
• 1918 - The Austro-Hungarian battleship SMS Szent Istvan sinks after being torpedoed by an Italian MAS motorboat.
• 1924 - Fascists kidnap and kill Italian socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti in Rome.
• 1925 - Inaugural service for the United Church of Canada, a union of Presbyterian, Methodist, and Congregationalist churches held in Toronto Arena.
• 1935 - Dr. Robert Smith takes his last drink, and Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio, United States, by him and Bill Wilson.
• 1940 - World War II: Italy declares war on France and the United Kingdom.
• 1940 - World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt denounces Italy's actions with his "Stab in the Back" speech at the graduation ceremonies of the University of Virginia.
• 1940 - World War II: German forces, under General Erwin Rommel, reach the English Channel.
• 1940 - World War II: Canada declares war on Italy.
• 1940 - World War II: Norway surrenders to German forces.
• 1942 - World War II: Nazis burn the Czech village of Lidice in reprisal for the killing of Reinhard Heydrich.
• 1944 - World War II: 642 men, women and children are killed in the Oradour-sur-Glane Massacre in France.
• 1944 - World War II: In Distomo, Boeotia Prefecture, Greece 218 men, women and children are massacred by German troops.
• 1944 - In baseball, 15-year old Joe Nuxhall of the Cincinnati Reds becomes the youngest player ever in a major-league game.
• 1945 - Australian Imperial Forces land in Brunei Bay to liberate Brunei.
• 1947 - Saab produces its first automobile.
• 1965 - Vietnam War: The Battle of Dong Xoai begins.
• 1967 - Six-Day War ends: Israel and Syria agree to a cease-fire.
• 1967 - Argentina becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 1973 - John Paul Getty III, grandson of billionaire J. Paul Getty, is kidnapped in Rome, Italy.
• 1974 - Brandon Ramirez, noted visionary and graphics designer born in TJ, Mexico. Known as the father of Rambo the next generation.
• 1977 - James Earl Ray escapes from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee, but is recaptured on June 13.
• 1977 - Apple Computer ships its first Apple II personal computer.
• 1978 - Costa Rica becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 1980 - The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a call to fight from their imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.
• 1996 - Peace talks begin in Northern Ireland without Sinn Féin.
• 1997 - Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot orders the killing of his defense chief Son Sen and 11 of Sen's family members before Pol Pot flees his northern stronghold.
• 1999 - Kosovo War: NATO suspends its air strikes after Slobodan Milošević agrees to withdraw Serbian forces from Kosovo.
• 2001 - Pope John Paul II canonizes Lebanon's first female saint Saint Rafqa
• 2002 - The first direct electronic communication experiment between the nervous systems of two humans is carried out by Kevin Warwick in the United Kingdom.
• 2003 - The Spirit Rover is launched, beginning NASA's Mars Exploration Rover mission.
• 2008 - The Gora Prai airstrike by the United States reportedly kills 11 Pakistani paramilitary troops.

Births

• 1213 - Fakhruddin 'Iraqi, Persian philosopher
• 1632 - Esprit Fléchier, French writer and bishop (d. 1710)
• 1637 - Jacques Marquette, French Jesuit missionary and explorer (d. 1675)
• 1657 - James Cragg the Elder, British politician (d. 1721)
• 1688 - James Francis Edward Stuart (d. 1766)
• 1706 - John Dollond, English optician (d. 1761)
• 1710 - James Short, Scottish mathematician (d. 1768)
• 1753 - William Eustis, 12th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1825)
• 1803 - Henry Darcy, French scientist (d. 1858)
• 1804 - Hermann Schlegel, German ornithologist (d. 1884)
• 1825 - Sondre Norheim, Norwegian skier (d. 1897)
• 1819 - Gustave Courbet, French painter (d. 1877)
• 1825 - Princess Hildegard of Bavaria d. 1864
• 1835 - Rebecca Latimer Felton, U.S. Senator (d. 1930)
• 1839 - Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg, Council President of Denmark (d. 1912)
• 1840 - Theodor Philipsen Danish painter (d. 1920)
• 1861 - Pierre Duhem, French physicist (d. 1916)
• 1862 - Mrs. Leslie Carter, American actress (d. 1937)
• 1863 - Louis Couperus, Dutch novelist (d. 1923)
• 1880 - André Derain, French painter (d. 1954)
• 1889 - Sessue Hayakawa, Japanese actor (d. 1973)
• 1891 - Al Dubin, American lyricist (d. 1945)
• 1895 - Hattie McDaniel, American actress (d. 1952)
• 1901 - Frederick Loewe, Austrian-born composer (d. 1988)
• 1907 - Fairfield Porter, American painter (d. 1975)
• 1908 - Robert Cummings, American actor (d. 1990)
• 1910 - Howlin' Wolf, American musician (d. 1976)
• 1910 - Frank Demaree, American baseball player (d. 1958)
• 1910 - Robert Still, English composer (d. 1971)
• 1911 - Ralph Kirkpatrick, American musician and musicologist (d. 1984)
• 1911 - Terence Rattigan, British playwright (d. 1977)
• 1912 - Jean Lesage, Premier of Quebec (d. 1980)
• 1913 - Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer (d. 2007)
• 1915 - Saul Bellow, Nobel laureate (d. 2005)
• 1918 - Barry Morse, British-born Canadian actor (d. 2008)
• 1919 - Kevin O'Flanagan, Irish athlete and physician (d. 2006)
• 1919 - Haidar Abdel-Shafi, Palestinian Negotiator and community leader (d. 2007)
• 1921 - Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
• 1921 - Jean Robic, French cyclist (d. 1980)
• 1922 - Judy Garland, American musical actress (d. 1969)
• 1923 - Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born newspaperman (d. 1991)
• 1925 - Nat Hentoff, American historian, novelist, jazz critic, and columnist
• 1926 - Lionel Jeffries, British actor
• 1927 - Lin Yang-kang, Chinese politician
• 1927 - Ladislao Kubala, Hungarian-born footballer (d. 2002)
• 1928 - Maurice Sendak, American writer
• 1929 - Harald Juhnke, German actor and comedian (d. 2005)
• 1929 - Ian McCahon Sinclair, Australian politician
• 1929 - E. O. Wilson, American biologist
• 1931 - João Gilberto, Brazilian singer and guitarist
• 1932 - Branko Lustig, film producer
• 1933 - Georgi Atanasov, Bulgarian Prime Minister
• 1933 - F. Lee Bailey, American attorney
• 1935 - Vic Elford, British racing driver
• 1940 - Augie Auer, Meteorologist and television presenter (d. 2007)
• 1940 - John Stevens, British drummer (d. 1994)
• 1941 - Jürgen Prochnow, German actor
• 1941 - Mickey Jones, American musician and actor
• 1941 - Shirley Owens, American singer (Shirelles)
• 1941 - David Walker, Australian racing driver
• 1942 - Preston Manning, Canadian politician
• 1947 - Ken Singleton, American baseball player
• 1949 - John Sentamu, Archbishop of York
• 1950 - Elias Sosa, Major League Baseball pitcher
• 1951 - Dan Fouts, American football player
• 1953 - John Edwards, American politician and lawyer
• 1956 - Georg Borwin, Duke of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
• 1957 - Lindsay Hoyle, British politician
• 1957 - Hidetsugu Aneha, Japanese architect
• 1959 - Eliot Spitzer, American politician
• 1959 - Carlo Ancelotti, A.C. Milan coach
• 1960 - Balakrishna Nandamuri, Indian actor
• 1960 - Maxi Priest, American musician
• 1961 - Kim Deal, American musician (Pixies), (The Breeders)
• 1961 - Kelley Deal, American musician (The Breeders)
• 1962 - Gina Gershon, American actress
• 1962 - Koma Wong Ka-Kui, Hong Kong musician (Beyond) (d. 1993)
• 1962 - Vincent Perez, Swiss actor
• 1962 - Akie Abe, current First Lady of Japan
• 1962 - Brent Sutter, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1963 - Brad Henry, American politician (current Oklahoma governor)
• 1963 - Jeanne Tripplehorn, American actress
• 1964 - Jimmy Chamberlin, American musician (The Smashing Pumpkins)
• 1964 - Ben Daniels, British actor
• 1964 - Tony Martin, Australian comedian
• 1965 - Elizabeth Hurley, English model and actress
• 1966 - David Platt, English footballer
• 1967 - Emma Anderson, British guitarist and songwriter (Lush, Sing-Sing)
• 1968 - Bill Burr, American comedian
• 1968 - Jimmy Shea, American skeleton racer
• 1968 - The D.O.C., American rapper
• 1969 - Ronny Johnsen, Norwegian footballer
• 1969 - Kate Snow, American TV journalist
• 1970 - Mike Doughty, American singer
• 1971 - Bobby Jindal, American politician; Louisiana Congressman, Governor
• 1971 - Joel Hailey, American singer
• 1971 - Bruno N'Gotty, French footballer
• 1971 - Kyle Sandilands, Australian radio host and TV personality
• 1972 - Steven Fischer, American film producer and director
• 1972 - Radmila Šekerinska, Macedonian politician
• 1973 - Faith Evans, American singer
• 1973 - Pokey Reese, American baseball player
• 1973 - Flesh-N-Bone, American rapper, (Bone Thugs-N-Harmony)
• 1975 - Henrik Pedersen, Danish footballer
• 1975 - Risto Jussilainen, Finnish ski jumper
• 1976 - Freddy García, American baseball player
• 1976 - Hadi Saei Bonehkohal, Persian taekwondoka
• 1976 - Stefan Postma, Dutch footballer
• 1976 - Esther Ouwehand, Dutch politician, parliamentarian for the Party for the Animals
• 1977 - Takako Matsu, Japanese singer and actress
• 1977 - Adam Darski, Polish musician most known for being the leader of Behemoth
• 1977 - Mike Rosenthal, American football player, sports radio talk show host
• 1978 - Shane West, American actor
• 1978 - Brian West, American soccer player
• 1979 - Konstantinos Loumpoutis, Greek footballer
• 1979 - Jake Tsakalidis, Georgian-Greek basketball player
• 1980 - Francelino Matuzalem, Brazilian footballer
• 1980 - Ovie Mughelli, American football player
• 1980 - Jessica Di Cicco, American actress
• 1980 - Wang Yuegu, Singaporean Olympic table tennis player
• 1981 - Burton O'Brien, Scottish footballer
• 1981 - Hoku, American singer and actress
• 1981 - Prince Hashim bin Al Hussein, of Jordan
• 1981 - Jonathan Bennett, actor (Mean Girls)
• 1982 - Princess Madeleine of Sweden
• 1982 - Tara Lipinski, American figure skater
• 1983 - Leelee Sobieski, American actress
• 1984 - Dirk Van Tichelt, Belgian judoka
• 1985 - Kristina Lundberg, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1985 - Vasilis Torosidis, Greek footballer
• 1987 - Amobi Okoye, Nigeria-born American football player
• 1987 - Martin Harnik, Austrian footballer
• 1987 - Kelly Vitz, American actress

Deaths

• 323 BC - Alexander the Great, Macedonian warlord (b. 356 BC)
• 1075 - Ernest of Austria (b. 1027)
• 1190 - Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1122)
• 1424 - Duke Ernest of Austria (b. 1377)
• 1552 - Alexander Barclay, English poet
• 1556 - Martin Agricola, German composer (b. 1486)
• 1580 - Luís de Camões, Portuguese poet
• 1607 - John Popham, English politician
• 1654 - Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor (b. 1598)
• 1680 - Johan Göransson Gyllenstierna, Swedish statesman (b. 1635)
• 1735 - Thomas Hearne, English antiquarian (b. 1678)
• 1776 - Leopold Widhalm, Austrian luthier (b. 1722)
• 1791 - Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte, French admiral (b. 1720)
• 1831 - Hans Karl von Diebitsch, Russian field marshal (b. 1785)
• 1836 - André-Marie Ampère, French physicist (b. 1775)
• 1849 - Thomas Robert Bugeaud, Marshal of France and duke of Isly (b. 1784)
• 1896 - Amelia Dyer, English murderer (b. 1829)
• 1898 - Tuone Udaina, last speaker of the Dalmatian language.
• 1899 - Ernest Chausson, French composer (b. 1855)
• 1901 - Robert Williams Buchanan, British dramatist (b. 1841)
• 1902 - Jacint Verdaguer, Catalan poet (b. 1845)
• 1909 - Edward Everett Hale, American author (b. 1822)
• 1912 - Anton Aškerc, Slovenian poet (b. 1856)
• 1918 - Arrigo Boito, Italian composer (b. 1842)
• 1923 - Pierre Loti, French sailor (b. 1850)
• 1926 - Antoni Gaudí, Spanish, Catalan architect (b. 1852)
• 1930 - Adolf Harnack, German theologian (b. 1851)
• 1934 - Frederick Delius, English composer (b. 1862)
• 1937 - Robert Borden, eighth Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1854)
• 1940 - Marcus Garvey, American civil rights activist (b. 1887)
• 1944 - Willem Jacob van Stockum, Dutch physicist (b. 1910)
• 1946 - Jack Johnson, American boxer (b. 1878)
• 1947 - Alexander Bethune, Canadian politician (b. 1852)
• 1949 - Sigrid Undset, Norwegian writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1882)
• 1958 - Angelina Weld Grimke, American journalist (b. 1880)
• 1959 - Zoltán Meskó, Hungarian Nazi (b. 1883)
• 1967 - Spencer Tracy, American actor (b. 1900)
• 1971 - Michael Rennie, English actor (b. 1909)
• 1973 - William Inge, American playwright (b. 1913)
• 1973 - Erich von Manstein, German military commander (b. 1887)
• 1974 - Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1900)
• 1976 - Adolph Zukor, Hungarian-born producer (b. 1873)
• 1982 - Rainer Werner Fassbinder, German author (b. 1945)
• 1982 - Addie "Micki" Harris, American singer (Shirelles) (b. 1940)
• 1986 - Merle Miller, American biographer (b. 1919)
• 1987 - Elizabeth Hartman, American actress (b. 1943)
• 1988 - Louis L'Amour, American author (b. 1908)
• 1991 - Vercors, French writer (b. 1902)
• 1992 - Zak Hernández, American soldier (b. 1973)
• 1992 - Hachidai Nakamura, Japanese songwriter and pianist (b. 1931)
• 1993 - Les Dawson, English Comedian (b. 1934)
• 1996 - George Hees, Canadian politician (b. 1910)
• 1996 - Jo Van Fleet, American actress (b. 1914)
• 1998 - Hammond Innes, English author (b. 1914)
• 1998 - Jim Hearn, American baseball player (b. 1921)
• 2000 - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (b. 1930)
• 2000 - Brian Statham, English cricketer (b. 1930)
• 2001 - Princess Leila of Iran (b. 1970)
• 2001 - Mike Mentzer, American bodybuilder (b. 1951)
• 2002 - John Gotti, American gangster (b. 1940)
• 2003 - Donald Regan, Chief of Staff and U.S. Treasury Secretary (b. 1918)
• 2003 - Bernard Williams, English philosopher (b. 1929)
• 2003 - Dr Phil Williams, Welsh politician and scientist (b. 1939)
• 2004 - Ray Charles, American musician (b. 1930)
• 2005 - Curtis Pitts, American aircraft designer (b. 1915)
• 2007 - Augie Auer, Meteorologist and television presenter (b. 1940)
• 2008 - Chinghiz Aitmatov, Kyrgyzstani-Soviet writer (b. 1928)

Holidays and observances

• Roman Empire – fourth day of the Vestalia in honor of Vesta
• Portugal Day – National day of Portugal, Camões and the Portuguese Communities
• Saint Anianus, bishop of Chartres
• Blessed Getulius, Amancius and Cerealus, martyrs
• Saint Landericus, bishop of Paris (Landry), confessor
• Saint Onuphrius, hermit, confessor
• Blessed Margaret, queen of Scotland
• Saint Olivia

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada