The historical name for Eastern Japan, now called Tohoku.

In Gunma prefecture:

• Former Azuma Village in Agatsuma District
• Former Azuma Village in Sawa District
• Former Azuma Village in Seta District

In Ibaraki prefecture:

• Azuma, a former town

In Kagoshima prefecture:

• Azuma, a former town

In Fukushima Prefecture:

• Mount Azuma, a volcano

A Japanese name:

• Kiyohiko Azuma (born 1968), Japanese manga artist.
• Hiroki Azuma, Japanese cultural critic.
• Ryutaro Azuma, Japanese physician and bureaucrat who served as Governor of Tokyo.

Family name of a fictional character:

• Jo Azuma, a fictional character in Genma Taisen
• Kazuma Azuma, a fictional character in Yakitate!! Japan
• Soma Azuma, a fictional character in Onmyou Taisenki
• Tetsuya Azuma also known as Casshan, a fictional character in Casshan
• Azuma, a fictional character in Ghost in the Shell: S.A.C. 2nd GIG

Azuma is also:

• Azuma's inequality, a result in probability theory.
• Japanese cruiser Azuma, an armored cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy