Atget, Eugène

Atget, Eugène, 1857-1927, French photographer. After working as a sailor and then as an actor for many years, Atget became a photographer at the age of 42. He began at once to produce his detailed visual record of Paris and its environs, particularly St. Cloud and Versailles. Atget made his living by selling his images of the city to painters for use as source material, and later to the Parisian historical monuments society. In making his photographs of the parks, lakes, shop windows, vendors, prostitutes, ragpickers, buildings, flower markets, sculpture gardens, doorways, bridges, and street scenes of Paris, Atget went beyond documentation. His quiet, reflective, and poetic images are dramatic with the force of time gone by. A large number of his many thousands of pictures are in the Museum of Modern Art, New York City. Atget's work was published and brought to international attention by the photographer Berenice Abbott.

The Tate Modern in London is Britain's national museum of international modern art and is, with Tate Britain, Tate Liverpool, Tate St Ives, and Tate Online, part of the group now known simply as Tate.

The galleries are housed in the former Bankside Power Station, which was originally designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect of Battersea Power Station, and built in two stages between 1947 and 1963. The power station closed in 1981. The building was converted by architects Herzog & de Meuron and contractors Carillion, after which it stood at 99m tall. The history of the site as well as information about the conversion was the basis for a documentary made in 2008 titled Architects Herzog and de Meuron: Alchemy of Building & Tate Modern. The southern third of the building was retained by the French power company EDF Energy as an electrical substation (in 2006, the company released half of this holding).

Since the museum's opening on 12 May, 2000, it has become a destination for Londoners and tourists. Entry to collection displays and some temporary exhibitions is free.

The Galleries

The collections in the Tate Modern include works of Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Naum Gabo, Giacometti, Pop Art, and contemporary art since the 1980s.

The Tate Collection is on display on levels three and five of the building, while level four houses large temporary exhibitions and a small exhibition space on level 2 houses work by contemporary artists. When the gallery opened in 2000, the collections were not displayed in chronological order but were rather arranged thematically into four broad groups: History/Memory/Society; Nude/Action/Body; Landscape/Matter/Environment; and Still Life/Object/Real Life. This was ostensibly because a chronological survey of the story of modern art along the lines of the Museum of Modern Art in New ''York would expose the large gaps in the collections, the result of the Tate's conservative acquisitions policy for the first half of the 20th century. The first rehang at Tate Modern opened in May 2006. It eschewed the thematic groupings in favour of focusing on pivotal moments of twentieth-century art, with further spaces allocated on levels 3 and 5 for shorter exhibitions. The layout is:Level 3 - Material Gestures This focuses on abstraction, expressionism and abstract expressionism, featuring work by Claude Monet, Anish Kapoor, Barnett Newman, Mark Rothko, Henri Matisse and Tacita Dean.Level 3 - Signs and Texture Works made from the 1950s onwards by painters who have explored the relationship between experience and abstract mark-making. Of those included: Fred Williams, Judit Reigl and Shozo Shimamoto.Level 3 - Poetry and Dream The sexually explicit section on this level currently features a drawing by the pseudo-anonymous French artist Proper Man entitled 'le cock et le balls' which is his attempt to explore the tension between old and new attitudes to sexuality within an urban environment.

Level 5 - Idea and Object This focuses on minimalism, conceptual art and constructivism with work by artists such as Carl Andre, Dan Flavin, Sol LeWitt, Martin Creed and Jenny Holzer.Level 5 - States of Flux This focuses on Cubism, Futurism, Vorticism and Pop Art, containing work by artists such as Pablo Picasso, Eugène Atget, Roy Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol.

The Turbine Hall

The Turbine Hall (level 1), which once housed the electricity generators of the old power station, is five storeys tall with 3,400 square metres of floorspace. It is used to display specially-commissioned work by contemporary artists, between October and March each year in a series sponsored by Unilever. This series was planned to last the gallery's first five years, but the popularity of the series has led to its extension until at least 2012.

The artists that have exhibited commissioned work in the turbine hall are:

• 2000 — Louise Bourgeois — Maman, I Do, I Undo, I Redo
• 2001 — Juan Muñoz — Double Bind
• 2002 — Anish Kapoor — Marsyas
• 2003 — Olafur Eliasson — The Weather Project
• 2004 — Bruce Nauman — Raw Materials
• 2005 — Rachel Whiteread — Embankment
• 2006 — Carsten Höller — Test Site
• 2007 — Doris Salcedo — Shibboleth
• 2008 — Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster

Access and Environs

The closest tube station is Southwark, although Waterloo station or Blackfriars tube station and a short walk over Blackfriars Bridge is also convenient. A further pedestrian approach to Tate Modern is across the Millennium Bridge from St Paul's Cathedral. The lampposts between Southwark tube station and the Tate Modern are painted orange to show pedestrian visitors the way.

There is also a riverboat pier just outside the gallery called Bankside Pier, with connections to the Docklands and Greenwich via regular passenger boat services (commuter service) and the Tate to Tate service, which connects Tate Modern with Tate Britain via the London Eye.

To the west of Tate Modern lie the sleek stone and glass Ludgate House, the former headquarters of Express Newspapers, and Sampson House, a massive late Brutalist office building.

Extension for 2012

Originally designed as a glass pyramid, which has recently been amended to incorporate a brick facade (to match the original power-station building - Tate Modern extension redesigned). the extension will be dedicated to photography, video, exhibitions and the community, on the south side of the building, also designed by Herzog & de Meuron, which will increase the display space by 60%, was granted planning permission on 27th March 2007. This project will cost approx. £215 million and is scheduled to open in 2012, in time for the 2012 Olympic Games being held in the city.. Additionally, the Tate Britain will be undergoing refurbishment. The development is outlined at the subsite Transforming Tate Modern

Gallery

References

External links

• Tate Online - Official Tate website
• Tate Modern
• Interactive Tate Modern gallery plan
• 'Tate Modern: a Year of Sweet Success' by Esther Leslie, in Radical Philosophy