During the 12,000 years of the Galactic Empire, Anacreon was one of the richest planets in the periphery of the Galaxy. It seems that it was very wealthy, because Salvor Hardin compared it favourably with the Vega Province (apparently a very high standard). It was nearly 10,000 parsecs from Trantor, and capital of the Anacreon Province.
In about 12,119 Galactic Era, the viceroy of the Anacreon Prefect rebelled against the Empire and declared himself King. The newly established Kingdom quickly fought a war with Smyrno, which ended in stalemate. While it was still a shadow of its former glory when Salvor Hardin visited it in 80 F.E., the Kingdom was recovering. By then it had a population of 19 billion, 25 stellar systems (6 with more than one world, 2 more with particularly large populations). A number of these worlds, a sparsely populated group in the 'Red Corridor', were the object of a long, bitter dispute c80 F.E.
Soon after it established a military base on Terminus 8 parsecs away, they were driven off by Salvor Hardin, who came armed with an ultimatum from the three other Kingdoms. Since, following the rebellion, Anacreon had lost nuclear power, the Foundation agreed to provide it with nucleics, as part of a religion. The leaders of Anacreon and the four other Kingdoms were eager to accept, because they hoped to use it to cement their roles as absolute monarchs.
When Anacreon resumed war with the Foundation, Salvor Hardin used this religion to shut down Anacreon, because such a war was blasphemy of the highest order.
A 'feathered flying fortress' native to Anacreon that is hunted for sport by the Anacreonians. The successful hunting of a Nyak (with air speedster and needle gun) was one of the de facto requirements of any Anacreonian King. Visiting Emperors always went on a Nyak hunt during state visits.
Another known native species is the plant on which the 'Lera' nut grows.
The ship Arcadia VII from Santanni on which Raych Seldon's wife Manella and daughter Bellis was scheduled to land on Anacreon. Unfortunately, it was destroyed in transit.