Aksakov, Konstantin Sergeyevich, 1817-60, Russian critic and writer, son of Sergei Timofeyevich Aksakov. Like his brother Ivan, he was an ardent Slavophile and strongly idealized the village community as a voluntary association. His literary criticism was devoted mainly to urging writers to seek closer ties with the Orthodox religion and with the peasantry. He wrote O vnutrennem sostoyanii Rossii [on the internal situation of Russia] in 1855.

Aksakov, Sergei Timofeyevich, 1791-1859, Russian writer, known for his nostalgic descriptions of the Orenburg region. Aksakov's chief work is Family Chronicle (1856, tr. 1924), a partly fictionalized picture of country life in the days of serfdom. His Years of Childhood (1856, tr. 1960), which vividly describes his joyous youth, is one of the finest of Russian literary memoirs.

Aksakov is a surname, and may refer to:

• Ivan Aksakov, pan-Slavist
• Konstantin Sergeyevich Aksakov (1817–1860)
• Sergei Aksakov, writer and father of both Konstantin and Ivan