Abuse

child abuse

Crime of inflicting physical or emotional injury on a child. The term can denote the use of inordinate physical violence or verbal abuse; the failure to furnish proper shelter, nourishment, medical treatment, or emotional support; incest, rape, or other instances of sexual molestation; and the making of child pornography. Child abuse can cause serious harm to its victims. Estimates of the numbers of children who suffer physical abuse or neglect by parents or guardians range from about 1 percent of all children to about 15 percent, and figures are far higher if emotional abuse and neglect are included. In many cases, the abuser himself suffered abuse as a child. When abuse results in death, evidence of child abuse or battered-child syndrome (e.g., broken bones and lesions, either healed or active) is often used to establish that death was not accidental.

Learn more about child abuse with a free trial on Britannica.com.

Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.

alcoholism

Excessive habitual consumption of alcoholic beverages despite physical, mental, social, or economic harm (e.g., cirrhosis, drunk driving and accidents, family strife, frequently missing work). Persons who drink large amounts of alcohol over time become tolerant to its effects. Alcoholism is usually considered an addiction and a disease. The causes are unclear, but there may be a genetic predisposition. It is more common in men, but women are more likely to hide it. Treatment may be physiological (with drugs that cause vomiting and a feeling of panic when alcohol is consumed; not an effective long-term treatment), psychological (with therapy and rehabilitation), or social (with group therapies). Group therapies such as Alcoholics Anonymous are the most effective treatments. Suddenly stopping heavy drinking can lead to withdrawal symptoms, including delirium tremens.

Learn more about alcoholism with a free trial on Britannica.com.

Encyclopedia Britannica, 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online.

News.admin.net-abuse.email

news.admin.net-abuse.email (sometimes abbreviated nanae or n.a.n-a.e, and often incorrectly spelled with a hyphen in "email") is a Usenet newsgroup devoted to discussion of the abuse of email systems. Steve Linford, the founder of The Spamhaus Project, sometimes posts in the newsgroup.

Topics covered

In its original charter the following examples of "on-topic" areas were listed:

Eventually, by mutual consent, it was also determined that the following were also "on-topic":

Cats (on a superficial/anecdotal level)

In recent years the group has been subject to several attacks, most prominently denial-of-service attacks using hipcrime.

History

The group was officially proposed (i.e its RFD posted) by Tim Skirvin (tskirvin) on July 9 1996 alongside a number of other groups in order to reduce the load on the two net abuse groups at that time, news.admin.net-abuse.announce and news.admin.net-abuse.misc.

Later that month it went to vote and passed 451 to 28.

In September 2002 it was proposed that a subgroup, news.admin.net-abuse.email.blocklists be created.

NANAEisms

Over time, some (more or less) NANAE-specific terms were coined: 404-compliant : A website that has been terminated by its hosting provider for terms of service violation is said to be "404-compliant", a reference to the 404 "not found" status code in HTTP and a parody of spammers claiming their spam is 301 compliant, referring to a bill that never made it into a law. Auto-ignore: The automated response from an ISP's abuse desk, when it is believed that sending out the automated response is the only action the ISP will take. Bulletproof : Said when it's difficult to get an ISP to take action against spamming customers. Black hat: An ISP that enables spamming, for example a hosting provider that does not act upon spam complaints. Named after old westerns where the bad guys often wore black hats. Compare white hat and gray hat. Cartooney : A fake lawsuit with which a spammer tries to threaten an anti-spammer. It may also refer to the spammer's lawyer (whom is usually assumed not to exist). The word is a contraction of attorney and cartoon. Also used when a listed entity threatens a blacklist maintainer with legal action. Cats and Coffee warning: A Cats and Coffee warning

or C&C warning is a satirical warning that a usenet posting or other writing may contain humorous material. The C&C warning originated with the usenet group news.admin.net-abuse.email, but has spread to other groups.

The warning is an admonition to the reader to secure liquid beverages (particularly hot ones) and cats in case uncontrollable laughter breaks out upon reading the article. Chickenboner: A minor spammer. Named after a colorful and humorous description one participant made of spammers living in trailers and eating at Kentucky fried chicken. Cut it out, Ron: (Alternatively, Cut it out, Ritzman!) A standard response to a posting that is suspected to be a troll. Named after a regular poster, Ron Ritzman, who often wrote humorous trolls and operated the (now defunct) website supertroll.com. Frea Speach: Spammers claim the right to distribute unsolicited bulk mail as part of their right to free speech under the United States' Constitution. After one such person repeatedly mis-spelled it as "free speach" , newsgroup participants who argued that the right to free speech refers to the right to not be censored by the U.S. Government and nothing to do with the right to employ the services of private individuals and organizations to distribute bulk mail, took to referring to this claimed right as "frea speach", deliberately mis-spelling it partly as a parody and partly to distinguish it from actual free speech rights. Gray hat: An ISP whose stance in spam matters is somewhat ambiguous. It may terminate some spamming customers but not all of them. Compare black hat and white hat. Hat check: A request to determine the reputation of a given ISP in spam matters. See also black-, gray- and white hat. Joe job : The act of sending out spam made to look like it came from a person or organization which the spammer dislikes. Spamhaus, SpamCop and other anti-spam organizations are often the victims of these, as are some individual anti-spammers. Being Joe-jobbed is usually taken as a sign that the victim must have really hurt some spammer. Lumber Cartel : A conspiracy theory that claimed anti-spammers were secretly paid agents of lumber companies. LART : A blunt instrument used to metaphorically whack clue into a clueless person. Large mallets and anvils are popular for these, the latter preferably launched from orbit.

An acronym for Luser Attitude Readjustment Tool Listwashing : The act of responding to complaints by removing the complainer's email address from the spammer's list, without taking any further actions against the spammer. Mainsleaze: Spam coming from a mainstream company. Pink contract: A contract for internet services or hosting that makes it difficult to impossible to terminate the contract for spamming. Quirk Objection: 'Objection! Assumes X not found in evidence!' A humorous objection, raised when the previous poster assumes the presence of something that has not yet been proven to exist, such as a spammer's brains or balls. Not used to refer to things that have definitely been proven not to exist, such as a spammer's ethics. Named after the regular poster 'Captain Gym Z. Quirk' who first raised this. Often shortened to ObQuirk! Sock : A poster whom is suspected to be someone else (usually a spammer) using a new name. Spamhaus : Originally, an ISP that has mostly or only spammers for customers. Nowadays, it usually refers to the blacklist by the same name. Spamware : Software that was written explicitly for the purpose of spamming, or has features that are mostly or only useful to spammers and other abusers. Also called 'ratware'. TINLC: There is no Lumber Cartel (Well, that's a secret, actually) TINW: There is no We. The poster recognizes that NANE is not a single entity, but is composed of many individuals with their own opinions. Whack-a-Mole: The act of repeatedly causing spammers' throwaway accounts and drop boxes to be terminated. Named after the Whack-A-Mole arcade game. White hat: An ISP which takes spam complaints seriously and terminates offenders swiftly and with extreme prejudice. Named after old westerns where the good guys usually wore white hats. Compare black hat and gray hat.