Aberdeenshire

[ab-er-deen for 1, 2; ab-er-deen for 3–6]

Aberdeenshire, council area (1993 est. pop. 223,630), 2,438 sq mi (6,315 sq km), and former county, NE Scotland. Under the Local Government Act of 1973, the county of Aberdeenshire (or Aberdeen) became part of the Grampian region in 1975. In the local government reorganization of 1996, Grampian was dissolved and the council area of Aberdeenshire was created; the new council area is larger than the former county.

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Licensed from Columbia University Press

Aberdeenshire

Aberdeenshire (Siorrachd Obar Dheathain) is one of the 32 unitary council areas in Scotland.

In this present day Aberdeenshire does not include Aberdeen City which is a Council Area in its own right. However, Aberdeenshire Council does have its headquarters at Woodhill House, in Aberdeen; the only Scottish council whose headquarters are based outwith its area's border. Aberdeenshire borders Angus and Perth and Kinross to the south, and Highland and Moray to the west.

History

Aberdeenshire has a rich prehistoric and historic heritage. It is the locus of a large number of Neolithic and Bronze Age archaeological sites, including Longman Hill, Kempstone Hill, Catto Long Barrow and Cairn Lee. Since medieval times there have been a number of crossings of the Mounth (a spur of mountainous land that extends from the higher inland range to the North Sea slightly north of Stonehaven) through present day Aberdeenshire from the Scottish Lowlands to the Highlands. Some of the most well known and historically important trackways are the Causey Mounth and Elsick Mounth.

The present council area is named after the historic county of Aberdeen which had different boundaries and was abolished in 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 to be replaced by Grampian Regional Council, and five district councils; Banff and Buchan, Gordon, Kincardine and Deeside, Moray and the City of Aberdeen, with local government functions shared between the two levels. In 1996, under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994, the Banff and Buchan district, the Gordon district and the Kincardine and Deeside district were merged to form the present Aberdeenshire council area, with the other two districts becoming autonomous council areas.

Demographics

The council area has a population of 226,871, representing 4.5% of Scotland's total, and a 20% increase since 1981, 50% since 1971. The ten largest towns in Aberdeenshire (with 2004 population estimates) are :

Peterhead (17,560)
Fraserburgh (12,150)
Inverurie (10,760)
Stonehaven (10,160)
Westhill (10,060)
Ellon (9,540)
Portlethen (6,770)
Banchory (6,270)
Turriff (4,610)
Huntly (4,460)

The population has a higher proportion of younger age groups than the rest of Scotland, reflecting employment-driven in-migration in recent decades.

Governance and politics

The council has 68 councillors, elected in 19 multi-member wards by Single Transferable Vote. The 2007 elections resulted in the following representation:

Ward	Members	Representation
1. Banff and District	3	1 Lib Dem, 1 SNP, 1 Ind
2. Troup	3	1 SNP, 1 Con, 1 Ind
3. Fraserburgh and District	4	3 SNP, 1 Ind
4. Central Buchan	4	2 Ind, 1 SNP, 1 Con
5. Peterhead North and Rattray	4	2 SNP, 1 Con, 1 Ind
6. Peterhead South and Cruden	3	2 SNP, 1 Lib Dem
7. Turriff and District	3	1 Lib Dem, 1 SNP, 1 Ind
8. Mid Formartine	4	2 Lib Dem, 1 SNP, 1 Con
9. Ellon and District	4	2 Lib Dem, 1 SNP, 1 Con
10. West Garioch	3	2 Lib Dem, 1 SNP
11. Inverurie and District	4	2 Lib Dem, 1 SNP, 1 Con
12. East Garioch	3	2 Lib Dem, 1 SNP
13. Westhill and District	4	1 Lib Dem, 1 SNP, 1 Con, 1 Ind
14. Huntly, Strathbogie and Howe of Alford	4	2 Lib Dem, 1 SNP, 1 Con
15. Aboyne, Upper Deeside and Donside	3	2 Con, 1 Lib Dem
16. Banchory and Mid Deeside	3	1 Lib Dem, 1 SNP, 1 Con
17. North Kincardine	4	2 Lib Dem, 1 SNP, 1 Con
18. Stonehaven and Lower Deeside	4	2 Lib Dem, 1 SNP, 1 Con
19. Mearns	4	2 Lib Dem, 1 SNP, 1 Con

The overall political composition of the council was as follows:

	Party	Councillors
	Liberal Democrat	24
	Scottish National Party	22
	Conservative	14
	Independent	8

The Council's net expenditure is £399.1m a year (2003/04). Education takes the largest share of expenditure (55%), followed by Social Work and Housing (19%), Transportation and Infrastructure (11%), and Joint Services such as Fire and Police (10%). 22% of revenue is raised locally through the Council Tax. Average Band D Council Tax is the eighth lowest in mainland Scotland at £966 (2003/04).

The council has devolved power to six area committees: Banff and Buchan, Buchan, Formartine, Garioch, Marr and Kincardine and Mearns

Boundary Map

Notable features

The following significant structures or places are within Aberdeenshire:

Hydrology and climate

There are numerous rivers and burns in Aberdeenshire, including Cowie Water, Carron Water, Burn of Muchalls, River Dee, River Don, River Ury, River Ythan, Water of Feugh, Burn of Myrehouse, Laeca Burn and Luther Water. Numerous bays and estuaries are found along the seacoast of Aberdeenshire, including Banff Bay, Ythan Estuary, Stonehaven Bay and Thornyhive Bay. Summers are mild and winters are typically cold in Aberdeenshire; Coastal temperatures are moderated by the North Sea such that coastal areas are typically cooler in the summer and warmer in winter than inland locations. Coastal areas are also subject to haar, or coastal fog.

Notable residents

Alexander Garden, (1730-1791), born in Birse, noted naturalist and physician. He moved to North America in 1754, and discovered two species of lizards. He was a Loyalist during the American Revolutionary War, which led to the confiscation of his property and his banishment in 1782. The gardenia flower is named in his honor.
John Kemp, (1763-1812), born in Auchlossan, was a noted educator at Columbia University who is said to have influenced DeWitt Clinton's opinions and policies.
Hugh Mercer, (1726-1777), born in the manse of Pitsligo Kirk, near Rosehearty, brigadier general of the Continental Army during the American Revolution.
John Skinner, (1721-1807) author, poet and ecclesiastic. Penned the famous verse, Tullochgorum.