The regiment was raised by the redesignation of the 2nd Battalion, 23rd Regiment of Foot in April 1758, ranked as the 68th Regiment of Foot; it was considered the successor to a previous 68th Foot raised in 1745 and disbanded the following year by John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford.
In 1779, the regiment was in the news when one of its former officers, James Hackman, was hanged for the notorious murder of Martha Ray, mistress of the Earl of Sandwich.
In 1782, the regiment took a county title as the 68th (Durham) Regiment of Foot, and in 1808 it was designated as light infantry.